{"id":11,"date":"2016-03-07T14:53:07","date_gmt":"2016-03-07T13:53:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/psychedelika\/2016\/03\/07\/porozumenie-psychoaktivnym-latkam-receptory-a-afinita\/"},"modified":"2026-01-28T00:44:54","modified_gmt":"2026-01-27T23:44:54","slug":"porozumenie-psychoaktivnym-latkam-receptory-a-afinita","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/psychedelika\/sk\/porozumenie-psychoaktivnym-latkam-receptory-a-afinita\/","title":{"rendered":"Porozumenie psychoakt\u00edvnym l\u00e1tkam: receptory a afinita"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/psychedelika\/sk\/porozumenie-psychoaktivnym-latkam-receptory-a-afinita\/#Inhibicia_spatneho_vychytavania\" >Inhib\u00edcia sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vychyt\u00e1vania<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/psychedelika\/sk\/porozumenie-psychoaktivnym-latkam-receptory-a-afinita\/#Inhibitor_mono-amin-oxidazy_Monoamine_oxidase_inhibitors_MAOIs\" >Inhib\u00edtor mono-am\u00edn-oxid\u00e1zy (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs))<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p><strong>Afinita<\/strong><br \/> Sila afinity sa uv\u00e1dza v ur\u010dit\u00fdch \u010d\u00edseln\u00fdch jednotk\u00e1ch. Plat\u00ed, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm men\u0161ie \u010d\u00edslo t\u00fdm vy\u0161\u0161ia afinita. Afinita sa meria toti\u017e v mno\u017estve, kedy sa danej napr. psychoakt\u00edvnej l\u00e1tke za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa prejavova\u0165 jej \u00fa\u010dinky. \u010c\u00edm ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed obsah danej l\u00e1tky v krvi sp\u00f4sob\u00ed psychoakt\u00edvne prejavy, t\u00fdm m\u00e1 dan\u00e1 l\u00e1tka v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu silu. Pri psychoakt\u00edvnych l\u00e1tkach a psychiatrick\u00fdch a neurologick\u00fdch liekoch sa uv\u00e1dza na ak\u00e9 receptory p\u00f4sob\u00ed dan\u00e1 l\u00e1tka a s ako vysokou afinitou. Na ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo receptorov p\u00f4sobia hlavne antipsychotick\u00e9 lieky.<br \/> \u010ealej si treba uvedomi\u0165, \u017ee v\u0161etky receptory, (napr. dopam\u00ednov\u00e9 a seroton\u00ednov\u00e9 receptory) sa delia e\u0161te na viacero druhov receptorov.<br \/> Napr. dopam\u00ednov\u00e9 receptory sa delia na<strong> D1, D2, D3, D3, D4, D5<\/strong> receptory. GABA receptory sa delia na<strong> GABA<sub>A<\/sub> a GABA<sub>B<\/sub><\/strong><br \/> Seroton\u00ednov\u00e9 receptory maj\u00fa skratku vytvoren\u00fa pod\u013ea chemick\u00e9ho n\u00e1zvu: &#8220;<strong>5-HT<\/strong>&#8220;. Seroton\u00ednov\u00e9 receptory sa delia na<strong> 5-HT1, 5-HT2, 5-HT3, 5-HT4<\/strong> at\u010f.<br \/> Receptor<strong> 5-HT1<\/strong> sa del\u00ed na e\u0161te \u010fal\u0161ie receptory<strong> 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D<\/strong>, at\u010f.<br \/> <br \/> Pr\u00edklady farmakol\u00f3gie a afinity LSD a antipsychotika klozapinu a na jednotliv\u00e9 receptory<br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lysergic_acid_diethylamide#Pharmacodynamics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lysergic_acid_diethylamide#Pharmacodynamics<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clozapine#Mechanism_of_action\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clozapine#Mechanism_of_action<\/a><br \/> <br \/> V s\u00favislosti s afinitou je tie\u017e d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 \u010di je na dan\u00fd receptor p\u00f4soben\u00e9 ako agonista alebo antagonista, to znamen\u00e1, \u010di je dan\u00fdm receptorom zvy\u0161ovan\u00e1 aktivita receptorov alebo zni\u017eovan\u00e1.<\/p>\n<div style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;\">Afinita sa vyjadruje v \u010d\u00edslach, disocia\u010dn\u00e1 kon\u0161tanta (K <sub>i<\/sub> ). Neexistuj\u00fa \u017eiadne m\u00ednusov\u00e9 hodnoty, v\u017edy sa uv\u00e1dza pri afinite na dan\u00fd druh receptora \u010di ide o agonizmus alebo antagonizmus, teda ide o zv\u00fd\u0161enie alebo zn\u00ed\u017eenie aktivity dan\u00e9mu receptoru. Antagonizmu sa niekedy hovor\u00ed aj inhib\u00edcia.\n<div style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;\"> \n<div style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;\">Existuje viacero druhov, viacero sp\u00f4sobov a mechanizmov ako je mo\u017en\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161enie aktivity dan\u00fdm receptorom. Niektor\u00e9 l\u00e1tky p\u00f4sobia napr. len na niektor\u00e9 druhy dopam\u00ednov\u00fdch alebo seroton\u00ednov\u00fdch receptorov. \u010ealej t\u00e1 ist\u00e1 l\u00e1tka m\u00f4\u017ee napr. niektor\u00fdm druhom serotoninov\u00fdch receptorov zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165, in\u00fdm zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 aktivitu. Je to tam pri niektor\u00fdch atypick\u00fdch antipsychotik\u00e1ch.\n<div style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;\"><strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Ve\u013emi zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 antipsychotikum je napr. <\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">aripiprazol<\/span><\/strong> <strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aripiprazole#Pharmacology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aripiprazole#Pharmacology<\/a> <\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">. <\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Hoci v\u0161etky antipsychotik\u00e1 zni\u017euj\u00fa aktivitu dopam\u00ednov\u00fdm receptorom, tento zvy\u0161uje aktivitu dvom druhom dopam\u00ednov\u00fdch receptorov, \u010falej niektor\u00fdm druhom seroton\u00ednov\u00fdch receptorov zni\u017euje aktivitu a in\u00fdm druhom zni\u017euje. A pr\u00e1ve preto \u017ee zni\u017euje aktivitu pr\u00e1ve t\u00fdm druhom seroton\u00ednov\u00fdch receptorov, ktor\u00e9 najviac zodpovedaj\u00fa za psychotick\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky, posta\u010d\u00ed to na to, aby mal tento liek antipsychotick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky. Zvy\u0161uje aktivitu t\u00fdm druhom seroton\u00ednov\u00fdm receptorom, ktor\u00e9 nezodpovedaj\u00fa za psychotick\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky.<\/span><\/strong>\n<div style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;\"> \n<h2 style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Inhibicia_spatneho_vychytavania\"><\/span><strong><strong>Inhib\u00edcia sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vychyt\u00e1vania<\/strong><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;\"><strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Existuj\u00fa psychiatrick\u00e9 lieky ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa inhib\u00edtormi sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vychyt\u00e1vania serotin\u00ednu, noradrenal\u00ednu a dopam\u00ednu. Niekedy m\u00f4\u017ee \u00eds\u0165 o inhib\u00edciu sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vychyt\u00e1vania viac ako jedn\u00e9ho neurotransmiteru. Drogy ako koka\u00edn a pervit\u00edn i<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">nhi<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">biuj\u00fa<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\"> sp\u00e4tn\u00e9 vychyt\u00e1vani<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">e dopam\u00ednu, noradrenal\u00ednu a seroton\u00ednu z\u00e1rove\u0148 hoci ka\u017ed\u00e1 l\u00e1tka trochu in\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom<\/span><\/strong>\n<div style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cocaine#Pharmacology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cocaine#Pharmacology<\/span><\/a><\/strong>\n<div style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Methamphetamine#Pharmacology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Methamphetamine#Pharmacology<\/span><\/a><\/strong>\n<div style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;\"><strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Pre inhib\u00edciu sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vychyt\u00e1vania je typick\u00e9 to, \u017ee <\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">zvy\u0161uje<\/span><\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\"> aktivitu <\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">v\u0161etk\u00fdm druhom<\/span><\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\"> receptorov viazan\u00e9 na dan\u00fa neurotransmitern\u00fa l\u00e1tku <\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">a to <\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">rovnomerne<\/span><\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">. <\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">In\u00e9 psychoakt\u00edvne l\u00e1tky preva\u017ene p\u00f4sobia len na niektpor\u00e9 druhy receptorov dan\u00e9ho neurotransmiteru (napr. LSD). <\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Inhib\u00edcia sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vychyt\u00e1vania nikdy nezni\u017euje aktivitu dan\u00fd receptorom.<\/span><\/strong>\n<div style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;\"> \n<h2 style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Inhibitor_mono-amin-oxidazy_Monoamine_oxidase_inhibitors_MAOIs\"><\/span><strong><strong>Inhib\u00edtor mono-am\u00edn-oxid\u00e1zy (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs))<\/strong><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;\"><strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">MAOI maj\u00fa ve\u013emi ve\u013ea spolo\u010dn\u00fdch znakov, resp. s\u00fa ve\u013emi podobn\u00e9 \u010do do kone\u010dn\u00e9ho efektu inhib\u00edtorom sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vychyt\u00e1vania. Tie\u017e rovnomerne zvy\u0161uj\u00fa aktivitu v\u0161etk\u00fdm druhom receptorov dan\u00e9ho neurotransmiteru a to rovnomerne. Ide o receptory viazan\u00e9 na seroton\u00edn, dopam\u00edn a noradrenal\u00edn. <\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Inhib\u00edtor<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">y<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\"> mono-am\u00edn-oxid\u00e1zy <\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">sa delia na dva druhy MAOI-A a MAOI-B. MAOI-<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">A zvy\u0161uje aktivitu hlavne serotoninov\u00fdm a noradrenal\u00ednov\u00fdm receptorom a v men\u0161ej miere zvy\u0161uje aktivitu dopam\u00ednov\u00fdm receptorom, MAOI-B zvy\u0161uje aktivitu hlavne dopam\u00ednov\u00fdm receptorom a v men\u0161ej miere zvy\u0161uje aktivitu seroton\u00ednov\u00fdm a dopam\u00ednov\u00fdm receptorom.<\/span><\/strong>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Sila afinity sa uv\u00e1dza v ur\u010dit\u00fdch \u010d\u00edseln\u00fdch jednotk\u00e1ch. Plat\u00ed, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm men\u0161ie \u010d\u00edslo t\u00fdm vy\u0161\u0161ia afinita. Afinita sa meria toti\u017e v mno\u017estve, kedy sa danej napr. psychoakt\u00edvnej l\u00e1tke za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa prejavova\u0165 jej \u00fa\u010dinky. \u010c\u00edm ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed obsah danej l\u00e1tky v krvi sp\u00f4sob\u00ed psychoakt\u00edvne prejavy, t\u00fdm m\u00e1 dan\u00e1 l\u00e1tka v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu silu","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-psychedelika"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/psychedelika\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/psychedelika\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/psychedelika\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/psychedelika\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/psychedelika\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/psychedelika\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/psychedelika\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/psychedelika\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/psychedelika\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}