{"id":3808,"date":"2026-09-03T13:38:54","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T11:38:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/?p=3808"},"modified":"2026-09-11T08:37:17","modified_gmt":"2026-09-11T06:37:17","slug":"panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/","title":{"rendered":"Panensk\u00e9 po\u010datie Je\u017ei\u0161a v lone M\u00e1rie m\u00e1 v\u00e1\u017ene trhliny. Spochyb\u0148uje to bo\u017esk\u00fd p\u00f4vod Krista. O hist\u00f3rii cirkevnej propagandy"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_88 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#Existuju_teorie_ze_Maria_splodila_Jezisa_v_ramci_predmanzelskeho_sexu_s_Jozefom_este_pred_svadbou_Existuju_analyzy_Biblie_ktore_to_potvrdzuju_Existuju_aj_mimo_biblicke_zdroje_ktore_to_potvrdzuju\" >Existuj\u00fa te\u00f3rie, \u017ee M\u00e1ria splodila Je\u017ei\u0161a v r\u00e1mci predman\u017eelsk\u00e9ho sexu s Jozefom e\u0161te pred svadbou? Existuj\u00fa anal\u00fdzy Biblie ktor\u00e9 to potvrdzuj\u00fa? Existuj\u00fa aj mimo biblick\u00e9 zdroje ktor\u00e9 to potvrdzuj\u00fa?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#1_Historicko-pravny_kontext_Zasnubenie_v_starovekom_Izraeli\" >1. Historicko-pr\u00e1vny kontext: Zasn\u00fabenie v starovekom Izraeli<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#Co_hovori_zidovska_Misna_o_predmanzelskom_sexe\" >\u010co hovor\u00ed \u017eidovsk\u00e1 Mi\u0161na o predman\u017eelskom sexe?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#2_Biblicke_analyzy_ktore_tejto_teorii_nasvedcuju\" >2. Biblick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy, ktor\u00e9 tejto te\u00f3rii nasved\u010duj\u00fa<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#3_Mimobiblicke_zdroje_z_ranej_historie\" >3. Mimobiblick\u00e9 zdroje z ranej hist\u00f3rie<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#A_Ebioniti_a_Nazarejci_1_%E2%80%93_4_storocie\" >A. Ebioniti a Nazarejci (1. \u2013 4. storo\u010die)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#B_Kerinthos_koniec_1_storocia\" >B. Kerinthos (koniec 1. storo\u010dia)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#C_Justin_Mucenik_Dialog_so_Zidom_Tryfonom_cca_155_po_Kr\" >C. Just\u00edn Mu\u010den\u00edk (Dial\u00f3g so \u017didom Tryf\u00f3nom, cca 155 po Kr.)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#D_Apokryf_Protoevanjelium_Jakubovo_cca_150_po_Kr\" >D. Apokryf: Protoevanjelium Jakubovo (cca 150 po Kr.)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#Zhrnutie\" >Zhrnutie<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#Existuju_teorie_ze_Maria_mala_Jezisa_ak_nemanzelske_dieta_Napriklad_s_rimskym_vojakom_alebo_niekym_inym\" >Existuj\u00fa te\u00f3rie, \u017ee M\u00e1ria mala Je\u017ei\u0161a ak neman\u017eelsk\u00e9 die\u0165a? Napr\u00edklad s r\u00edmskym vojakom alebo niek\u00fdm in\u00fdm?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#1_Teoria_o_rimskom_vojakovi_menom_%E2%80%9EPanthera%E2%80%9C_Kelsos_a_Origenes\" >1. Te\u00f3ria o r\u00edmskom vojakovi menom \u201ePanthera\u201c (Kelsos a Origenes)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#Odkial_sa_vzalo_meno_%E2%80%9EPanthera%E2%80%9C\" >Odkia\u013e sa vzalo meno \u201ePanthera\u201c?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#2_Zidovska_rabinska_tradicia_Talmud_a_Toledot_Jesu\" >2. \u017didovsk\u00e1 rab\u00ednska trad\u00edcia (Talmud a Toledot Je\u0161u)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#3_Naznaky_v_samotnom_Novom_zakone\" >3. N\u00e1znaky v samotnom Novom z\u00e1kone<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#4_Moderne_vedecke_hypotezy_20_a_21_storocie\" >4. Modern\u00e9 vedeck\u00e9 hypot\u00e9zy (20. a 21. storo\u010die)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#Zhrnutie-2\" >Zhrnutie<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#Rozne_preklady_Biblie_od_praveku_staroveku_az_po_sucasnost_ktore_najviac_spochybnuju_panenske_pocatie_Jezisa\" >R\u00f4zne preklady Biblie od praveku staroveku a\u017e po s\u00fa\u010dasnos\u0165, ktor\u00e9 najviac spochyb\u0148uj\u00fa panensk\u00e9 po\u010datie Je\u017ei\u0161a<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#1_Starovek_Najstarsie_rukopisy_a_rane_preklady_2_%E2%80%93_5_storocie\" >1. Starovek: Najstar\u0161ie rukopisy a ran\u00e9 preklady (2. \u2013 5. storo\u010die)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#A_Syrsky_sinajsky_palimpsest_Codex_Sinaiticus_Syriacus_Sy%CB%A2_text_z_23_stor_kopia_z_prelomu_45_stor\" >A. S\u00fdrsky sinajsk\u00fd palimpsest (Codex Sinaiticus Syriacus \/ Sy\u02e2, text z 2.\/3. stor., k\u00f3pia z prelomu 4.\/5. stor.)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#B_Starogrecke_zidovske_preklady_2_storocie_po_Kr\" >B. Starogr\u00e9cke \u017eidovsk\u00e9 preklady (2. storo\u010die po Kr.)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#C_Najstarsie_alexandrijske_grecke_kodexy_4_storocie\" >C. Najstar\u0161ie alexandrijsk\u00e9 gr\u00e9cke k\u00f3dexy (4. storo\u010die)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#2_Reformacia_a_osvietenstvo_16_%E2%80%93_18_storocie\" >2. Reform\u00e1cia a osvietenstvo (16. \u2013 18. storo\u010die)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#3_Moderne_preklady_20_a_21_storocie_%E2%80%93_Lingvisticky_zlom\" >3. Modern\u00e9 preklady (20. a 21. storo\u010die) \u2013 Lingvistick\u00fd zlom<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#A_Revised_Standard_Version_RSV_USA_%E2%80%93_1952\" >A. Revised Standard Version (RSV, USA \u2013 1952)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#B_The_New_English_Bible_NEB_Velka_Britania_%E2%80%93_1970_a_Revised_English_Bible_REB_1989\" >B. The New English Bible (NEB, Ve\u013ek\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nia \u2013 1970) a Revised English Bible (REB, 1989)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#C_Common_English_Bible_CEB_2011_a_NRSV_Updated_Edition_NRSVue_2021\" >C. Common English Bible (CEB, 2011) a NRSV Updated Edition (NRSVue, 2021)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#4_Cesky_a_slovensky_kontext\" >4. \u010cesk\u00fd a slovensk\u00fd kontext<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#Zhrnutie-3\" >Zhrnutie<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#Citaty_z_Biblie_ktora_najviac_spochybnuju_panenske_pocatie_Jezisa_u_Marie\" >Cit\u00e1ty z Biblie ktor\u00e1 najviac spochyb\u0148uj\u00fa panensk\u00e9 po\u010datie Je\u017ei\u0161a u M\u00e1rie<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#1_Pasaze_kde_je_Jozef_priamo_oznaceny_za_Jezisovho_otca\" >1. Pas\u00e1\u017ee, kde je Jozef priamo ozna\u010den\u00fd za Je\u017ei\u0161ovho otca<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#2_Davidovsky_povod_%E2%80%9Epodla_tela%E2%80%9C_a_rodokmene_cez_Jozefa\" >2. D\u00e1vidovsk\u00fd p\u00f4vod \u201epod\u013ea tela\u201c a rodokmene cez Jozefa<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#3_%E2%80%9EMlcanie%E2%80%9C_najstarsich_spisov_a_formulacie_o_beznom_narodeni\" >3. \u201eMl\u010danie\u201c najstar\u0161\u00edch spisov a formul\u00e1cie o be\u017enom naroden\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#4_Filologicky_spor_o_starozakonne_proroctvo_Izaias_7_14\" >4. Filologick\u00fd spor o staroz\u00e1konn\u00e9 proroctvo (Izai\u00e1\u0161 7, 14)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#Staroveke_apokryfy_Protoevanjelium_Jakubovo_co_hovori_o_panenstve_Marie\" >Starovek\u00e9 apokryfy. (Protoevanjelium Jakubovo) \u010do hovor\u00ed o panenstve M\u00e1rie?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#1_Panenstvo_a_ritualna_cistota_pred_pocatim\" >1. Panenstvo a ritu\u00e1lna \u010distota pred po\u010dat\u00edm<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#2_Jozef_ako_stary_opatrovnik_nie_manzel\" >2. Jozef ako star\u00fd opatrovn\u00edk, nie man\u017eel<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#3_Sud_a_skuska_horkou_vodou_Overenie_pred_knazmi\" >3. S\u00fad a sk\u00fa\u0161ka horkou vodou (Overenie pred k\u0148azmi)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#4_Panenstvo_pri_porode_Virginitas_in_partu_a_%E2%80%9Egynekologicka_previerka%E2%80%9C\" >4. Panenstvo pri p\u00f4rode (Virginitas in partu) a \u201egynekologick\u00e1 previerka\u201c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#5_Panenstvo_po_porode_Virginitas_post_partum\" >5. Panenstvo po p\u00f4rode (Virginitas post partum)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#Historicke_zhodnotenie_Preco_to_autor_napisal\" >Historick\u00e9 zhodnotenie: Pre\u010do to autor nap\u00edsal?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#Paradox_tohto_spisu_v_dejinach\" >Paradox tohto spisu v dejin\u00e1ch<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#Ake_su_rozdiely_v_teologii_katolikov_a_protestantov_na_panenstvo_Marie_po_porodeni_Krista\" >Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa rozdiely v teol\u00f3gii katol\u00edkov a protestantov na panenstvo M\u00e1rie po poroden\u00ed Krista?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#1_Katolicka_teologia_Virginitas_post_partum\" >1. Katol\u00edcka teol\u00f3gia (Virginitas post partum)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/#2_Protestantska_teologia\" >2. Protestantsk\u00e1 teol\u00f3gia<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"314\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/eOq5f9LaiwQ\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\r\n<p>Panensk\u00e9 po\u010datie Je\u017ei\u0161a v lone M\u00e1rie je existen\u010dne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pre kres\u0165anov preto\u017ee potvrdzuje bo\u017esk\u00fd p\u00f4vod Krista. T\u00e1to te\u00f3ria m\u00e1 ale v\u00e1\u017ene trhliny. Ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo argumentov je aj v samotnej Biblii, ktor\u00e9 spochyb\u0148uj\u00fa cirkevn\u00e9 dogmy.<\/p>\r\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Existuju_teorie_ze_Maria_splodila_Jezisa_v_ramci_predmanzelskeho_sexu_s_Jozefom_este_pred_svadbou_Existuju_analyzy_Biblie_ktore_to_potvrdzuju_Existuju_aj_mimo_biblicke_zdroje_ktore_to_potvrdzuju\"><\/span>Existuj\u00fa te\u00f3rie, \u017ee M\u00e1ria splodila Je\u017ei\u0161a v r\u00e1mci predman\u017eelsk\u00e9ho sexu s Jozefom e\u0161te pred svadbou? Existuj\u00fa anal\u00fdzy Biblie ktor\u00e9 to potvrdzuj\u00fa? Existuj\u00fa aj mimo biblick\u00e9 zdroje ktor\u00e9 to potvrdzuj\u00fa?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p><strong>\u00c1no, te\u00f3ria, \u017ee Je\u017ei\u0161 bol sploden\u00fd v r\u00e1mci predman\u017eelsk\u00e9ho sexu medzi M\u00e1riou a Jozefom e\u0161te v \u010dase ich zasn\u00fabenia, patr\u00ed medzi najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ie historicko-kritick\u00e9 hypot\u00e9zy.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>Z h\u013eadiska sekul\u00e1rnej hist\u00f3rie a \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va 1. storo\u010dia ide o jedno z najprirodzenej\u0161\u00edch vysvetlen\u00ed cel\u00e9ho pr\u00edbehu. Na rozdiel od te\u00f3rie o r\u00edmskom vojakovi (ktor\u00e1 bola sk\u00f4r proti\u017eidovskou a protikres\u0165anskou polemikou) hypot\u00e9zu o Jozefovom otcovstve zast\u00e1vali aj mnoh\u00ed <strong>najranej\u0161\u00ed \u017eidovsk\u00ed kres\u0165ania<\/strong> a v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti ju obhajuj\u00fa viacer\u00ed popredn\u00ed biblick\u00ed historici.<\/p>\r\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Historicko-pravny_kontext_Zasnubenie_v_starovekom_Izraeli\"><\/span>1. Historicko-pr\u00e1vny kontext: Zasn\u00fabenie v starovekom Izraeli<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p>Aby sme pochopili, pre\u010do je t\u00e1to te\u00f3ria historicky vysoko pravdepodobn\u00e1, je nutn\u00e9 pozna\u0165 vtedaj\u0161ie \u017eidovsk\u00e9 svadobn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo. Man\u017eelstvo v 1. storo\u010d\u00ed malo <strong>dve pr\u00edsne oddelen\u00e9 f\u00e1zy<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li><strong>Erusin (Zasn\u00fabenie):<\/strong> Pr\u00e1vne z\u00e1v\u00e4zn\u00e1 zmluva uzatvoren\u00e1 pred svedkami (\u010dasto sprev\u00e1dzan\u00e1 platbou vena). \u017dena sa od tohto momentu stala <strong>pr\u00e1voplatnou man\u017eelkou<\/strong> doty\u010dn\u00e9ho mu\u017ea (<em>eshet ish<\/em>). Ak by chcel zv\u00e4zok zru\u0161i\u0165, musel jej da\u0165 form\u00e1lny rozvodov\u00fd list (<em>get<\/em>). Ak mu\u017e zomrel, bola vdovou.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Nissu&#8217;in (Vovedenie do domu \/ Svadba):<\/strong> Zvy\u010dajne sa konala a\u017e o rok nesk\u00f4r. I\u0161lo o sl\u00e1vnostn\u00fd sprievod, kedy si \u017een\u00edch odviedol nevestu do svojho domu a za\u010dali spolu verejne b\u00fdva\u0165.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_hovori_zidovska_Misna_o_predmanzelskom_sexe\"><\/span>\u010co hovor\u00ed \u017eidovsk\u00e1 Mi\u0161na o predman\u017eelskom sexe?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p>V \u017eidovskom z\u00e1konn\u00edku <strong>Mi\u0161na (trakt\u00e1t <em>Ketubot<\/em> 1, 5)<\/strong> sa uv\u00e1dza z\u00e1sadn\u00fd historick\u00fd fakt:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>V Judsku (na juhu) bolo spolo\u010densky akceptovan\u00e9 a zvykom, \u017ee sn\u00fabenci po obrade <em>Erusin<\/em> zost\u00e1vali sami v s\u00fakrom\u00ed (<em>jichud<\/em>).<\/li>\r\n\t<li>V Galilei (na severe) boli pravidl\u00e1 pr\u00edsnej\u0161ie a vy\u017eadovalo sa oddelen\u00e9 b\u00fdvanie a\u017e do <em>Nissu&#8217;in<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pr\u00e1vne pravidlo:<\/strong> Ak zasn\u00faben\u00e1 \u017eena otehotnela so svoj\u00edm <strong>vlastn\u00fdm sn\u00fabencom<\/strong>, die\u0165a pod\u013ea \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va (Halachy) <strong>NEBOLO neman\u017eelsk\u00e9 (mamzer)<\/strong>. Bolo to 100 % legit\u00edmne die\u0165a svojho otca! Pohlavn\u00fd styk (<em>bi&#8217;ah<\/em>) bol toti\u017e pod\u013ea \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va (<em>Kiddushin<\/em> 1, 1) jedn\u00fdm z troch legit\u00edmnych sp\u00f4sobov spe\u010datenia man\u017eelstva.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Biblicke_analyzy_ktore_tejto_teorii_nasvedcuju\"><\/span>2. Biblick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy, ktor\u00e9 tejto te\u00f3rii nasved\u010duj\u00fa<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p>Kritick\u00ed biblisti (napr. prof. Andrew Lincoln vo svojej monografii <em>Born of a Virgin?<\/em>, 2013) poukazuj\u00fa na nieko\u013eko detailov priamo v texte Nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>Mat\u00fa\u0161 1, 18:<\/strong>\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p><em>\u201e&#8230;sk\u00f4r ako sa zi\u0161li [gr\u00e9cky: prin \u0113 synelthein autous], uk\u00e1zalo sa, \u017ee je tehotn\u00e1&#8230;\u201c<\/em><br \/>\r\nV\u00fdraz \u201esk\u00f4r ako sa zi\u0161li\u201c z h\u013eadiska dobovej \u017eidovskej kult\u00fary neznamen\u00e1 nutne pred prv\u00fdm sexu\u00e1lnym stykom v\u00f4bec, ale <strong>pred druhou f\u00e1zou svadby (<em>nissu&#8217;in<\/em>)<\/strong>, teda predt\u00fdm, ne\u017e za\u010dali spolo\u010dne b\u00fdva\u0165 pod jednou strechou.<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Mat\u00fa\u0161 1, 19 (Jozefovo konanie):<\/strong><br \/>\r\nText hovor\u00ed, \u017ee Jozef bol spravodliv\u00fd a chcel ju <em>\u201epotajomky prepusti\u0165\u201c<\/em>. Keby bol Jozef presved\u010den\u00fd, \u017ee die\u0165a splodil in\u00fd mu\u017e (cudzolo\u017estvo), pod\u013ea T\u00f3ry (Dt 22) malo nasledova\u0165 verejn\u00e9 s\u00fadne konanie. To, \u017ee cel\u00fa z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165 chcel vyrie\u0161i\u0165 v tichosti, viacer\u00ed kritick\u00ed koment\u00e1tori \u010d\u00edtaj\u00fa tak, \u017ee i\u0161lo o intern\u00fa z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165 medzi nimi dvoma, ktor\u00fa chceli utaji\u0165 pred pr\u00edsnou dedinskou komunitou.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Luk\u00e1\u0161 2, 5 (Cesta do Betlehema):<\/strong><br \/>\r\nKe\u010f id\u00fa na s\u00fapis \u013eudu, Luk\u00e1\u0161 st\u00e1le ozna\u010duje M\u00e1riu za jeho <strong>\u201ezasn\u00faben\u00fa\u201c<\/strong> (<em>t\u0113 emn\u0113steumen\u0113 aut\u014d<\/em>), hoci u\u017e bola vo vysokom \u0161t\u00e1diu tehotenstva. Pre\u010do nie za plnohodnotn\u00fa man\u017eelku? Historici v tom vidia stopu faktu, \u017ee form\u00e1lna svadobn\u00e1 hostina sa pre ne\u010dakan\u00e9 tehotenstvo nestihla uskuto\u010dni\u0165 pod\u013ea p\u00f4vodn\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Rodokmene a biologick\u00e9 otcovstvo:<\/strong><br \/>\r\nV \u017eidovstve sa rodov\u00e1 l\u00ednia, kme\u0148ov\u00e1 pr\u00edslu\u0161nos\u0165 a kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fd n\u00e1rok (D\u00e1vidov tr\u00f3n) dedili <strong>v\u00fdlu\u010dne z otca na syna biologick\u00fdm sploden\u00edm<\/strong> (adopcia tento n\u00e1rok v starovekom \u017eidovskom pr\u00e1ve nepren\u00e1\u0161ala). Rodokmene v Mt 1 aj Lk 3 sleduj\u00fa l\u00edniu cez Jozefa.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>S\u00fdrsky sinajsk\u00fd rukopis (Mt 1, 16):<\/strong><br \/>\r\nNajstar\u0161\u00ed s\u00fdrsky preklad priamo hovor\u00ed: <em>\u201eJozef, ktor\u00e9mu bola zasn\u00faben\u00e1 panna M\u00e1ria, <strong>splodil Je\u017ei\u0161a<\/strong>&#8230;\u201c<\/em> Sp\u00e1ja teda Jozefovo zasn\u00fabenie priamo so sploden\u00edm.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Mimobiblicke_zdroje_z_ranej_historie\"><\/span>3. Mimobiblick\u00e9 zdroje z ranej hist\u00f3rie<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p>Existuj\u00fa starovek\u00e9 historick\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy, ktor\u00e9 dokazuj\u00fa, \u017ee Je\u017ei\u0161ovo po\u010datie z Jozefa bolo roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fdm presved\u010den\u00edm:<\/p>\r\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_Ebioniti_a_Nazarejci_1_%E2%80%93_4_storocie\"><\/span>A. Ebioniti a Nazarejci (1. \u2013 4. storo\u010die)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p>Boli to p\u00f4vodn\u00ed <strong>\u017eidovsk\u00ed kres\u0165ania<\/strong> \u017eij\u00faci v Judei a S\u00fdrii, ktor\u00ed hovorili aramejsky a odvodzovali svoj p\u00f4vod priamo od prvej jeruzalemskej komunity vedenej Je\u017ei\u0161ov\u00fdm bratom Jakubom.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Cirkevn\u00fd otec <strong>Ireneus z Lyonu (<em>Adversus Haereses<\/em> 1, 26, 2, cca 180 po Kr.)<\/strong> o nich p\u00ed\u0161e:\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p><em>\u201eEbioniti pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa iba Evanjelium pod\u013ea Mat\u00fa\u0161a&#8230; a tvrdia, \u017ee Je\u017ei\u0161 bol sploden\u00fd Jozefom a M\u00e1riou pod\u013ea prirodzen\u00e9ho \u013eudsk\u00e9ho poriadku.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Historik <strong>Eusebius z C\u00e9zarey (<em>Cirkevn\u00e9 dejiny<\/em> 3, 27)<\/strong> potvrdzuje:\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p><em>\u201ePova\u017eovali ho za oby\u010dajn\u00e9ho a v\u0161edn\u00e9ho \u010dloveka, ktor\u00fd bol pre svoju u\u0161\u013eachtilos\u0165 uznan\u00fd za spravodliv\u00e9ho, a ktor\u00fd bol <strong>plodom mu\u017ea a M\u00e1rie<\/strong>.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"B_Kerinthos_koniec_1_storocia\"><\/span>B. Kerinthos (koniec 1. storo\u010dia)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p>Kerinthos bol vplyvn\u00fd ranokres\u0165ansk\u00fd u\u010dite\u013e p\u00f4sobiaci v Malej \u00c1zii v rovnakom \u010dase, kedy vznikalo J\u00e1novo evanjelium.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Pod\u013ea svedectva ranej cirkvi u\u010dil, \u017ee Je\u017ei\u0161 nebol sploden\u00fd z panny, ale:\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p><em>\u201e&#8230;narodil sa ako syn Jozefa a M\u00e1rie presne tak, ako sa rodia v\u0161etci ostatn\u00ed \u013eudia.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"C_Justin_Mucenik_Dialog_so_Zidom_Tryfonom_cca_155_po_Kr\"><\/span>C. Just\u00edn Mu\u010den\u00edk (<em>Dial\u00f3g so \u017didom Tryf\u00f3nom<\/em>, cca 155 po Kr.)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p>Apolog\u00e9ta Just\u00edn v kapitole 48 otvorene prizn\u00e1va svojmu \u017eidovsk\u00e9mu oponentovi Tryf\u00f3novi, \u017ee medzi kres\u0165anmi existuj\u00fa tak\u00ed, ktor\u00ed neuzn\u00e1vaj\u00fa panensk\u00e9 po\u010datie:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Just\u00edn p\u00ed\u0161e: <em>\u201eS\u00fa medzi nami tak\u00ed, ktor\u00ed vyzn\u00e1vaj\u00fa, \u017ee on je Kristus, ale tvrdia, \u017ee <strong>bol sploden\u00fd ako \u010dlovek z \u013eud\u00ed<\/strong> [t. j. z Jozefa a M\u00e1rie].\u201c<\/em><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"D_Apokryf_Protoevanjelium_Jakubovo_cca_150_po_Kr\"><\/span>D. Apokryf: Protoevanjelium Jakubovo (cca 150 po Kr.)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p>Tento spis vznikol v 2. storo\u010d\u00ed pr\u00e1ve preto, aby obh\u00e1jil M\u00e1riu a Jozefa pred t\u00fdmto konkr\u00e9tnym obvinen\u00edm!<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>V kapitol\u00e1ch 13 \u2013 16 k\u0148azi v chr\u00e1me <strong>obvinia Jozefa, \u017ee poru\u0161il panenstvo svojej zverenej sn\u00fabenice a tajne s \u0148ou splodil die\u0165a pred svadbou<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>K\u0148az hovor\u00ed Jozefovi: <em>\u201eUkradol si jej panenstvo a neozn\u00e1mil si to synom Izraela!\u201c<\/em><\/li>\r\n\t<li>Jozef aj M\u00e1ria musia v tomto apokryfe podst\u00fapi\u0165 staroz\u00e1konn\u00fa sk\u00fa\u0161ku horkou vodou (sk\u00fa\u0161ka nevery z Numeri 5), aby dok\u00e1zali, \u017ee k predman\u017eelsk\u00e9mu styku nedo\u0161lo. Tento spis je priamym historick\u00fdm d\u00f4kazom, \u017ee <strong>v 2. storo\u010d\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e1 verejnos\u0165 predpokladala, \u017ee otcom bol Jozef e\u0161te pred svadbou<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zhrnutie\"><\/span>Zhrnutie<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p>| Ot\u00e1zka | Z\u00e1ver kritickej anal\u00fdzy |<br \/>\r\n| : | : |<br \/>\r\n| <strong>Existuje te\u00f3ria o predman\u017eelskom sexe Jozefa a M\u00e1rie?<\/strong> | <strong>\u00c1no.<\/strong> Medzi sekul\u00e1rnymi historikmi je pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za najpravdepodobnej\u0161iu naturalistick\u00fa rekon\u0161trukciu Je\u017ei\u0161ovho p\u00f4vodu. |<br \/>\r\n| <strong>Podporuj\u00fa to biblick\u00e9 texty?<\/strong> | <strong>\u00c1no, nepriamo.<\/strong> D\u00e1vidovsk\u00e9 rodokmene, status M\u00e1rie ako \u201ezasn\u00fabenej\u201c pri s\u00fapise \u013eudu a kontext \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho zasn\u00fabenia (<em>erusin<\/em>), kedy tak\u00e9to po\u010datie nerobilo die\u0165a nelegit\u00edmnym. |<br \/>\r\n| <strong>Existuj\u00fa mimobiblick\u00e9 zdroje?<\/strong> | <strong>\u00c1no.<\/strong> P\u00f4vodn\u00e9 \u017eidokres\u0165ansk\u00e9 komunity (Ebioniti), u\u010ditelia 1. storo\u010dia (Kerinthos) aj kres\u0165ansk\u00fd apokryf <em>Protoevanjelium Jakubovo<\/em> potvrdzuj\u00fa, \u017ee v antike sa be\u017ene verilo, \u017ee Je\u017ei\u0161a splodil Jozef s M\u00e1riou pred svadbou. |<\/p>\r\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Existuju_teorie_ze_Maria_mala_Jezisa_ak_nemanzelske_dieta_Napriklad_s_rimskym_vojakom_alebo_niekym_inym\"><\/span>Existuj\u00fa te\u00f3rie, \u017ee M\u00e1ria mala Je\u017ei\u0161a ak neman\u017eelsk\u00e9 die\u0165a? Napr\u00edklad s r\u00edmskym vojakom alebo niek\u00fdm in\u00fdm?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p><strong>\u00c1no, tak\u00e9to te\u00f3rie existuj\u00fa a s\u00fa mimoriadne star\u00e9.<\/strong> Nesiahaj\u00fa len do modernej doby, ale vznikli u\u017e v 1. a 2. storo\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161ho letopo\u010dtu ako dobov\u00e1 reakcia oponentov ran\u00e9ho kres\u0165anstva na tvrdenia o z\u00e1zra\u010dnom po\u010dat\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n<p>Historici, biblisti aj sekul\u00e1rni b\u00e1datelia tieto te\u00f3rie rozde\u013euj\u00fa do nieko\u013ek\u00fdch kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed:<\/p>\r\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Teoria_o_rimskom_vojakovi_menom_%E2%80%9EPanthera%E2%80%9C_Kelsos_a_Origenes\"><\/span>1. Te\u00f3ria o r\u00edmskom vojakovi menom \u201ePanthera\u201c (Kelsos a Origenes)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p>Najzn\u00e1mej\u0161ia a historicky najlep\u0161ie dolo\u017een\u00e1 alternat\u00edvna verzia poch\u00e1dza z 2. storo\u010dia:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>Kelsos (<em>Al\u0113th\u0113s Logos<\/em> \u2013 Pravdiv\u00e9 slovo, cca 178 po Kr.):<\/strong><br \/>\r\nPohansk\u00fd filozof Kelsos nap\u00edsal prv\u00fa systematick\u00fa filozofick\u00fa kritiku kres\u0165anstva. Cituje v nej \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho oponenta, ktor\u00fd tvrdil:\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p><em>\u201eM\u00e1ria bola usved\u010den\u00e1 z cudzolo\u017estva s vojakom menom Panthera. Jej man\u017eel, tes\u00e1r, ju vyhnal z domu. Ona potupen\u00e1 bl\u00fadila, v tajnosti porodila Je\u017ei\u0161a a ten sa nesk\u00f4r v Egypte z n\u00fadze nau\u010dil magick\u00fdm k\u00faskom a za\u010dal sa vyhlasova\u0165 za Boha.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Origenes (<em>Contra Celsum<\/em> \u2013 Proti Kelsovi, 3. stor.):<\/strong><br \/>\r\nKres\u0165ansk\u00fd teol\u00f3g Origenes musel v knihe 1 (kapitoly 28 a 32) na tieto tvrdenia rozsiahle reagova\u0165 a vyvraca\u0165 ich, \u010do dokazuje, \u017ee t\u00e1to verzia bola v starovekom Stredomor\u00ed \u0161iroko roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e1.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Odkial_sa_vzalo_meno_%E2%80%9EPanthera%E2%80%9C\"><\/span>Odkia\u013e sa vzalo meno \u201ePanthera\u201c?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p>Medzi historikmi existuj\u00fa dve vysvetlenia:<\/p>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li><strong>Slovn\u00e1 hra\u010dka a posmech (lingvistick\u00e1 te\u00f3ria):<\/strong> Gr\u00e9cke slovo pre pannu je <strong>parthenos<\/strong> (\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2). Odporcovia kres\u0165anstva mohli toto slovo posme\u0161ne prekr\u00fati\u0165 na be\u017en\u00e9 r\u00edmske meno <strong>pantheras<\/strong> (panter). Z \u201eJe\u017ei\u0161a, syna panny\u201c (<em>ben ha-parthenos<\/em>) sa tak satiricky stal \u201eJe\u017ei\u0161, syn Pantheru\u201c (<em>ben Pantera<\/em>).<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Skuto\u010dn\u00e1 historick\u00e1 osoba:<\/strong> V 19. storo\u010d\u00ed bol v nemeckom Bingerbr\u00fccku objaven\u00fd n\u00e1hrobn\u00fd kame\u0148 r\u00edmskeho lukostrelca menom <strong>Tiberius Iulius Abdes Pantera<\/strong>, p\u00f4vodom zo Sid\u00f3nu (Fen\u00edcia, susediaca s Galileou). \u017dil presne v Je\u017ei\u0161ovej dobe a jeho jednotka bola prevelen\u00e1 do Germ\u00e1nie. Hoci neexistuje priamy d\u00f4kaz, \u017ee pr\u00e1ve on mal pomer s M\u00e1riou, n\u00e1lez dok\u00e1zal, \u017ee meno <em>Pantera<\/em> bolo medzi r\u00edmskymi vojakmi z Bl\u00edzkeho v\u00fdchodu v tom \u010dase be\u017en\u00e9.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Zidovska_rabinska_tradicia_Talmud_a_Toledot_Jesu\"><\/span>2. \u017didovsk\u00e1 rab\u00ednska trad\u00edcia (Talmud a Toledot Je\u0161u)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p>V \u017eidovsk\u00fdch prame\u0148och z neskorej antiky a stredoveku sa nach\u00e1dza polemika, ktor\u00e1 priamo odmieta panensk\u00e9 po\u010datie:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>Babylonsk\u00fd Talmud (<em>Sanhedrin 67a<\/em>, <em>\u0160abat 104b<\/em>):<\/strong><br \/>\r\nSpom\u00edna postavu <strong>Ben Stada<\/strong> alebo <strong>Ben Pandira<\/strong> (syn Pandiru). Texty uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa, \u017ee jeho matka (naz\u00fdvan\u00e1 <em>Miriam Megaddela<\/em>, kadern\u00ed\u010dka \/ zapleta\u010dka vlasov) bola nevern\u00e1 svojmu man\u017eelovi (Pappos ben Jehuda) s milencom menom Pandira.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Toledot Je\u0161u (<em>Pr\u00edbeh o Je\u017ei\u0161ovi<\/em> \u2013 stredovek\u00e1 \u017eidovsk\u00e1 polemika):<\/strong><br \/>\r\nTento spis opisuje M\u00e1riu ako cnostn\u00fa \u017eenu zasn\u00faben\u00fa zbo\u017en\u00e9mu mu\u017eovi menom Jochanan. Ich bezoh\u013eadn\u00fd sused menom <strong>Jozef Pandera<\/strong> sa v noci vkradol do jej izby, predstieral, \u017ee je jej sn\u00fabenec, a M\u00e1ria s n\u00edm v nevedomosti po\u010dala die\u0165a. Ke\u010f sa tehotenstvo prevalilo, Jozef Pandera u\u0161iel a Jochanan odi\u0161iel do Babylonu, pri\u010dom die\u0165a bolo v komunite pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za neman\u017eelsk\u00e9.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Naznaky_v_samotnom_Novom_zakone\"><\/span>3. N\u00e1znaky v samotnom Novom z\u00e1kone<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p>Mnoh\u00ed historicko-kritick\u00ed b\u00e1datelia (napr. Bruce Chilton, Gerd L\u00fcdemann, Jane Schaberg) tvrdia, \u017ee stopy po \u0161kand\u00e1le okolo Je\u017ei\u0161ovho po\u010datia prenikli priamo do textov evanjeli\u00ed:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>Marek 6, 3 (Vynechanie otca):<\/strong><br \/>\r\nKe\u010f Je\u017ei\u0161 k\u00e1\u017ee v rodnom Nazarete, rod\u00e1ci hovoria: <em>\u201eVari to nie je ten tes\u00e1r, <strong>syn M\u00e1rie<\/strong>&#8230;?\u201c<\/em><br \/>\r\nV \u017eidovskej kult\u00fare 1. storo\u010dia bol mu\u017e identifikovan\u00fd z\u00e1sadne menom svojho otca (napr. <em>Je\u0161ua ben Josef<\/em>). Nazva\u0165 mu\u017ea \u201esynom svojej matky\u201c bolo v patriarch\u00e1lnej spolo\u010dnosti <strong>verejnou ur\u00e1\u017ekou<\/strong> alebo nar\u00e1\u017ekou na to, \u017ee otec je nezn\u00e1my, pr\u00edpadne \u017ee ide o neman\u017eelsk\u00e9 die\u0165a.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>J\u00e1n 8, 41 (Ostr\u00e1 v\u00fdmena n\u00e1zorov):<\/strong><br \/>\r\nKe\u010f Je\u017ei\u0161 v Jeruzaleme hovor\u00ed farizejom o svojom nebeskom Otcovi, oni mu \u00fato\u010dne odsekn\u00fa:\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p><em>\u201e<strong>My sme sa nenarodili zo smilstva<\/strong> [gr\u00e9cky: ek porneias]; m\u00e1me jedn\u00e9ho Otca, Boha.\u201c<\/em><br \/>\r\nV\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina sekul\u00e1rnych biblistov sa zhoduje, \u017ee ide o cielen\u00fa nar\u00e1\u017eku na zn\u00e1me ohov\u00e1ranie, \u017ee Je\u017ei\u0161 bol po\u010dat\u00fd mimo man\u017eelstva (<em>zo smilstva<\/em>).<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Mat\u00fa\u0161 1, 18 \u2013 19 (Jozefovo podozrenie):<\/strong><br \/>\r\nS\u00e1m text evanjelia prizn\u00e1va, \u017ee sk\u00f4r ako spolu M\u00e1ria a Jozef \u017eili, M\u00e1ria otehotnela. Jozef, vedom\u00fd si toho, \u017ee die\u0165a nie je jeho, ju chcel <strong>tajne prepusti\u0165 (rozvies\u0165 sa s \u0148ou)<\/strong>, aby ju nevystavil verejnej hanbe a trestu za cudzolo\u017estvo. Evanjelium situ\u00e1ciu rie\u0161i a\u017e n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm anjelsk\u00fdm snom.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>\u0160kandal\u00f3zne \u017eeny v Mat\u00fa\u0161ovom rodokmeni (Mt 1):<\/strong><br \/>\r\nMat\u00fa\u0161 do rodokme\u0148a Je\u017ei\u0161a prekvapivo zaradil \u0161tyri \u017eeny, ktor\u00fdch materstvo sprev\u00e1dzal sexu\u00e1lny \u0161kand\u00e1l alebo ne\u0161tandardn\u00e9 okolnosti:\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>Tamar<\/strong> (otehotnela so svokrom J\u00fadom, ke\u010f predstierala, \u017ee je prostit\u00fatka \u2013 Gn 38),<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Rachab<\/strong> (kananejsk\u00e1 prostit\u00fatka z Jericha \u2013 Joz 2),<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>R\u00fat<\/strong> (cudzinka, ktor\u00e1 v noci odkryla nohy Bo\u00e1zovi na humne \u2013 R\u00fat 3),<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Bat\u0161eba<\/strong> (\u201e\u017eena Uri\u00e1\u0161ova\u201c, s ktorou cudzolo\u017eil kr\u00e1\u013e D\u00e1vid \u2013 2 Sam 11).<br \/>\r\nKritick\u00ed historici tvrdia, \u017ee Mat\u00fa\u0161 tieto \u017eeny uviedol z\u00e1merne ako obhajobu: chcel uk\u00e1za\u0165 \u017eidovsk\u00fdm oponentom, \u017ee Boh pracoval cez nezvy\u010dajn\u00e9 a spolo\u010densky \u0161kandal\u00f3zne tehotenstv\u00e1 u\u017e v minulosti.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Moderne_vedecke_hypotezy_20_a_21_storocie\"><\/span>4. Modern\u00e9 vedeck\u00e9 hypot\u00e9zy (20. a 21. storo\u010die)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p>Modern\u00e1 historick\u00e1 veda pristupuje k textom pr\u00edsne naturalisticky a pon\u00faka tieto poh\u013eady:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>Te\u00f3ria o zn\u00e1silnen\u00ed (Jane Schaberg, <em>The Illegitimacy of Jesus<\/em>, 1987):<\/strong><br \/>\r\nAmerick\u00e1 profesorka teol\u00f3gie a biblistiky Jane Schaberg pri\u0161la s vplyvnou t\u00e9zou, \u017ee M\u00e1ria bola ako mlad\u00e9 diev\u010da zn\u00e1silnen\u00e1 alebo zveden\u00e1 (\u010di u\u017e r\u00edmskym vojakom, alebo niek\u00fdm z okolia). Jozef sa zachoval milosrdne, vzal si ju, aby ju ochr\u00e1nil pred ukame\u0148ovan\u00edm, a ran\u00e1 kres\u0165ansk\u00e1 komunita t\u00fato trag\u00e9diu teologicky reinterpretovala tak, \u017ee die\u0165a bolo napriek \u013eudsk\u00e9mu pon\u00ed\u017eeniu vyvolen\u00e9 Bohom cez Ducha Sv\u00e4t\u00e9ho.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Status \u201eMamzera\u201c (Bruce Chilton, <em>Rabbi Jesus<\/em>, 2000):<\/strong><br \/>\r\nHistorik n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva Bruce Chilton argumentuje, \u017ee Je\u017ei\u0161 vyrastal s pr\u00e1vnym a soci\u00e1lnym statusom <strong>mamzera<\/strong> (die\u0165a\u0165a z nelegit\u00edmneho zv\u00e4zku, ktor\u00e9 malo v \u017eidovskej spolo\u010dnosti obmedzen\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 a ob\u010dianske pr\u00e1va). Pr\u00e1ve t\u00e1to celo\u017eivotn\u00e1 soci\u00e1lna stigma pod\u013ea Chiltona vysvet\u013euje, pre\u010do sa dospel\u00fd Je\u017ei\u0161 tak intenz\u00edvne zast\u00e1val spolo\u010densk\u00fdch vyvrhe\u013eov, hrie\u0161nikov a prostit\u00fatok a pre\u010do Boha nevn\u00edmal cez form\u00e1lne k\u0148azsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo, ale int\u00edmne ako svojho jedin\u00e9ho prav\u00e9ho Otca (<em>Abba<\/em>).<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Te\u00f3ria prirodzen\u00e9ho po\u010datia s Jozefom:<\/strong><br \/>\r\nIn\u00e1 skupina historikov predpoklad\u00e1 najjednoduch\u0161ie vysvetlenie: Je\u017ei\u0161 bol norm\u00e1lnym biologick\u00fdm die\u0165a\u0165om Jozefa a M\u00e1rie. K po\u010datiu v\u0161ak do\u0161lo po\u010das obdobia zasn\u00fabenia (pred form\u00e1lnou svadbou), \u010do vtedaj\u0161ie dedinsk\u00e9 spolo\u010denstvo vn\u00edmalo ako prehre\u0161ok. Pr\u00edbehy o z\u00e1zra\u010dnom panenskom po\u010dat\u00ed vznikli a\u017e o nieko\u013eko desa\u0165ro\u010d\u00ed nesk\u00f4r v helenistickom prostred\u00ed, kde bolo be\u017en\u00e9 pripisova\u0165 bo\u017esk\u00fd p\u00f4vod ve\u013ek\u00fdm osobnostiam (ako napr. Alexandrovi Ve\u013ek\u00e9mu \u010di Plat\u00f3novi).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zhrnutie-2\"><\/span>Zhrnutie<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p>N\u00e1zor, \u017ee Je\u017ei\u0161 bol neman\u017eelsk\u00fdm die\u0165a\u0165om, <strong>nie je modern\u00fd v\u00fdmysel<\/strong>. Je to historicky zaznamenan\u00e1 polemika z 1. a 2. storo\u010dia. Oponenti kres\u0165anstva tvrdili, \u017ee Je\u017ei\u0161 sa narodil z cudzolo\u017estva (s r\u00edmskym vojakom Pantherom alebo in\u00fdm mu\u017eom), zatia\u013e \u010do evanjelisti Mat\u00fa\u0161 a Luk\u00e1\u0161 tieto roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 zvesti obhajovali t\u00fdm, \u017ee v skuto\u010dnosti ne\u0161lo o \u013eudsk\u00e9 zlyhanie, ale o priamy nadprirodzen\u00fd z\u00e1sah Boha.<\/p>\r\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rozne_preklady_Biblie_od_praveku_staroveku_az_po_sucasnost_ktore_najviac_spochybnuju_panenske_pocatie_Jezisa\"><\/span>R\u00f4zne preklady Biblie od praveku staroveku a\u017e po s\u00fa\u010dasnos\u0165, ktor\u00e9 najviac spochyb\u0148uj\u00fa panensk\u00e9 po\u010datie Je\u017ei\u0161a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p>Ot\u00e1zka panensk\u00e9ho po\u010datia Je\u017ei\u0161a Krista m\u00e1 v dejin\u00e1ch biblick\u00e9ho textu dve k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 roviny:<\/p>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li><strong>Rukopisn\u00e1 rovina (starovek):<\/strong> Starovek\u00e9 rukopisy a ran\u00e9 preklady, ktor\u00e9 obsahuj\u00fa odli\u0161n\u00e9 znenie textu Nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona (napr. kde je priamo nap\u00edsan\u00e9, \u017ee Jozef splodil Je\u017ei\u0161a, alebo kde s\u00fa Jozef a M\u00e1ria ozna\u010den\u00ed za \u201erodi\u010dov\/otca a matku\u201c).<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Lingvistick\u00e1 rovina (od staroveku po s\u00fa\u010dasnos\u0165):<\/strong> Preklady staroz\u00e1konn\u00e9ho proroctva z Izai\u00e1\u0161a 7, 14, kde sa hebrejsk\u00e9 slovo <em>alma<\/em> (\u05e2\u05b7\u05dc\u05b0\u05de\u05b8\u05d4 \u2013 mlad\u00e1 \u017eena) prestalo preklada\u0165 ako \u201epanna\u201c a za\u010dalo sa preklada\u0165 vecne ako \u201ediev\u010da\u201c alebo \u201emlad\u00e1 \u017eena\u201c.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p>Preh\u013ead konkr\u00e9tnych rukopisov, trad\u00edci\u00ed a modern\u00fdch prekladov od staroveku a\u017e po s\u00fa\u010dasnos\u0165:<\/p>\r\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Starovek_Najstarsie_rukopisy_a_rane_preklady_2_%E2%80%93_5_storocie\"><\/span>1. Starovek: Najstar\u0161ie rukopisy a ran\u00e9 preklady (2. \u2013 5. storo\u010die)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p>V staroveku sa Biblia \u0161\u00edrila formou rukopisov. Niektor\u00e9 z nich zachovali \u010d\u00edtania, ktor\u00e9 cirkev nesk\u00f4r zavrhla alebo nahradila dogmaticky harmonizovan\u00fdmi verziami.<\/p>\r\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_Syrsky_sinajsky_palimpsest_Codex_Sinaiticus_Syriacus_Sy%CB%A2_text_z_23_stor_kopia_z_prelomu_45_stor\"><\/span>A. S\u00fdrsky sinajsk\u00fd palimpsest (<em>Codex Sinaiticus Syriacus \/ Sy\u02e2<\/em>, text z 2.\/3. stor., k\u00f3pia z prelomu 4.\/5. stor.)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p>Ide o <strong>najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00ed a textovo najradik\u00e1lnej\u0161\u00ed starovek\u00fd rukopis<\/strong> k tejto t\u00e9me. Bol objaven\u00fd v Kl\u00e1\u0161tore sv. Katar\u00edny na Sinaji v roku 1892.<br \/>\r\nV rodokmeni na za\u010diatku Evanjelia pod\u013ea Mat\u00fa\u0161a (Mt 1, 16) prin\u00e1\u0161a \u00faplne odli\u0161n\u00e9 svedectvo:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>\u0160tandardn\u00fd text (Vulg\u00e1ta, Byzantsk\u00fd text):<\/strong><br \/>\r\n<em>\u201eJakub splodil Jozefa, man\u017eela M\u00e1rie, z ktorej sa narodil Je\u017ei\u0161&#8230;\u201c<\/em><\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>S\u00fdrsky sinajsk\u00fd rukopis (Mt 1, 16):<\/strong>\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p><em>\u201eJakub splodil Jozefa; <strong>Jozef, ktor\u00e9mu bola zasn\u00faben\u00e1 panna M\u00e1ria, splodil Je\u017ei\u0161a<\/strong>, naz\u00fdvan\u00e9ho Kristus.\u201c<\/em><br \/>\r\n<em>(Text pou\u017e\u00edva rovnak\u00e9 semitsk\u00e9 slovo pre splodenie \u2013 \u201ewaled\u201c \u2013, ak\u00e9 sa nach\u00e1dza v celom rodokmeni pre biologick\u00fdch otcov).<\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Taktie\u017e vo ver\u0161i Mt 1, 21 tento rukopis uv\u00e1dza: <em>\u201e&#8230;porod\u00ed <strong>ti<\/strong> syna\u201c<\/em> (anjel hovor\u00ed priamo Jozefovi, \u010do nazna\u010duje jeho otcovstvo).<\/p>\r\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"B_Starogrecke_zidovske_preklady_2_storocie_po_Kr\"><\/span>B. Starogr\u00e9cke \u017eidovsk\u00e9 preklady (2. storo\u010die po Kr.)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p>Ran\u00e1 cirkev prevzala gr\u00e9cky preklad Star\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona (<strong>Septuagintu<\/strong> z 3. \u2013 2. stor. pred Kr.), kde bolo hebrejsk\u00e9 slovo <em>alma<\/em> (\u05e2\u05b7\u05dc\u05b0\u05de\u05b8\u05d4 \u2013 mlad\u00e1 \u017eena v reproduk\u010dnom veku) prelo\u017een\u00e9 gr\u00e9ckym <strong>parthenos<\/strong> (\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013 panna). \u017didovsk\u00ed u\u010denci preto v 2. storo\u010d\u00ed vytvorili nov\u00e9, filologicky presnej\u0161ie gr\u00e9cke preklady, aby kres\u0165ansk\u00fa interpret\u00e1ciu vyvr\u00e1tili:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>Preklad Aquilu zo Sin\u00f3p\u00e9 (cca 130 po Kr.)<\/strong><\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Preklad Symmacha Ebionitu (koniec 2. stor. po Kr.)<\/strong><\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Preklad Theodotiona (2. stor. po Kr.)<\/strong><br \/>\r\nV\u0161etky tri tieto preklady v Izai\u00e1\u0161ovi 7, 14 odmietli slovo <em>parthenos<\/em> (panna) a nahradili ho slovom <strong>neanis<\/strong> (\u03bd\u03b5\u1fb6\u03bd\u03b9\u03c2 \u2013 <em>mlad\u00e1 \u017eena, diev\u010da<\/em>). Pod\u013ea nich proroctvo hovorilo o be\u017enom naroden\u00ed die\u0165a\u0165a v dobe kr\u00e1\u013ea Achaza, nie o z\u00e1zra\u010dnom panenskom po\u010dat\u00ed.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"C_Najstarsie_alexandrijske_grecke_kodexy_4_storocie\"><\/span>C. Najstar\u0161ie alexandrijsk\u00e9 gr\u00e9cke k\u00f3dexy (4. storo\u010die)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p>Najstar\u0161ie zachovan\u00e9 kompletn\u00e9 gr\u00e9cke Biblie \u2013 <strong>Codex Sinaiticus ($\\aleph$)<\/strong> a <strong>Codex Vaticanus (B)<\/strong> \u2013 zachovali v Luk\u00e1\u0161ovi 2, 33 p\u00f4vodn\u00e9 znenie:<\/p>\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p><em>\u201eA <strong>jeho otec a matka<\/strong> sa divili tomu, \u010do sa o \u0148om hovorilo.\u201c<\/em><br \/>\r\nNeskor\u0161ie byzantsk\u00e9 prepisy a stredovek\u00e9 texty (tzv. <em>Textus Receptus<\/em>) toto miesto dogmaticky upravili na: <em>\u201eA Jozef a jeho matka sa divili&#8230;\u201c<\/em>, aby sa vyhli ozna\u010deniu Jozefa za otca. Modern\u00e9 kritick\u00e9 vydania gr\u00e9ckeho Nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona (Nestle-Aland) sa vr\u00e1tili k \u010d\u00edtaniu \u201ejeho otec a matka\u201c.<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Reformacia_a_osvietenstvo_16_%E2%80%93_18_storocie\"><\/span>2. Reform\u00e1cia a osvietenstvo (16. \u2013 18. storo\u010die)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p>S n\u00e1stupom humanizmu a n\u00e1vratom k p\u00f4vodn\u00e9mu hebrejsk\u00e9mu textu (<em>ad fontes<\/em>) za\u010dali u\u010denci poukazova\u0165 na rozdiel medzi hebrejsk\u00fdm textom a latinskou Vulg\u00e1tou:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>Hebraisti 16. storo\u010dia (napr. Sebastian M\u00fcnster):<\/strong> Vyd\u00e1vali komentovan\u00e9 ed\u00edcie Star\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona, kde citovali stredovek\u00fdch \u017eidovsk\u00fdch vyklada\u010dov (Ra\u0161i, Radak). T\u00ed dokazovali, \u017ee biblick\u00e1 hebrej\u010dina m\u00e1 pre pannu jednozna\u010dn\u00e9 slovo <em>betula<\/em> (\u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05ea\u05d5\u05bc\u05dc\u05b8\u05d4), zatia\u013e \u010do v Iz 7, 14 je pou\u017eit\u00e9 neutr\u00e1lne <em>alma<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Socini\u00e1nske a unit\u00e1rske preklady (17. \u2013 18. storo\u010die):<\/strong> Antitrinit\u00e1rske hnutia v strednej a z\u00e1padnej Eur\u00f3pe spochyb\u0148ovali bo\u017estvo Je\u017ei\u0161a aj panensk\u00e9 po\u010datie, pri\u010dom Je\u017ei\u0161a vn\u00edmali ako prirodzen\u00e9ho syna Jozefa a M\u00e1rie, na ktor\u00e9ho zost\u00fapil Duch Bo\u017e\u00ed pri krste.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Moderne_preklady_20_a_21_storocie_%E2%80%93_Lingvisticky_zlom\"><\/span>3. Modern\u00e9 preklady (20. a 21. storo\u010die) \u2013 Lingvistick\u00fd zlom<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p>V 20. storo\u010d\u00ed do\u0161lo k z\u00e1sadn\u00e9mu posunu: biblick\u00e9 preklady za\u010dali tvori\u0165 medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 komisie lingvistov a historikov, ktor\u00ed sa riadia textovou kritikou a semitskou filol\u00f3giou, nie dogmatikou.<\/p>\r\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_Revised_Standard_Version_RSV_USA_%E2%80%93_1952\"><\/span>A. <em>Revised Standard Version<\/em> (RSV, USA \u2013 1952)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p>Zlomov\u00fd moment v anglosaskom svete. Popredn\u00ed americk\u00ed biblisti prelo\u017eili Izai\u00e1\u0161a 7, 14 takto:<\/p>\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p><em>\u201eBehold, a <strong>young woman<\/strong> shall conceive and bear a son&#8230;\u201c<\/em><br \/>\r\n<em>(\u201eH\u013ea, <strong>mlad\u00e1 \u017eena<\/strong> po\u010dne a porod\u00ed syna&#8230;\u201c)<\/em><br \/>\r\nVyvolalo to obrovsk\u00fa vlnu odporu zo strany fundamentalistov, ktor\u00ed preklad ozna\u010dili za heretick\u00fd a verejne p\u00e1lili jeho v\u00fdtla\u010dky, preto\u017ee odstr\u00e1nil staroz\u00e1konn\u00fd \u201ed\u00f4kaz\u201c panensk\u00e9ho po\u010datia.<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"B_The_New_English_Bible_NEB_Velka_Britania_%E2%80%93_1970_a_Revised_English_Bible_REB_1989\"><\/span>B. <em>The New English Bible<\/em> (NEB, Ve\u013ek\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nia \u2013 1970) a <em>Revised English Bible<\/em> (REB, 1989)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p>Prest\u00ed\u017eny britsk\u00fd ekumenick\u00fd preklad prelo\u017eil Iz 7, 14 v pr\u00edtomnom \u010dase:<\/p>\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p><em>\u201eA <strong>young woman is with child<\/strong>, and she will bear a son&#8230;\u201c<\/em><br \/>\r\n<em>(\u201eMlad\u00e1 \u017eena <strong>je tehotn\u00e1<\/strong> a porod\u00ed syna&#8230;\u201c)<\/em><br \/>\r\nTento preklad priamo poukazuje na to, \u017ee \u017eena bola tehotn\u00e1 v \u010dase vyslovenia proroctva v 8. storo\u010d\u00ed pred Kr., \u010d\u00edm odmieta predpove\u010f o M\u00e1rii.<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"C_Common_English_Bible_CEB_2011_a_NRSV_Updated_Edition_NRSVue_2021\"><\/span>C. <em>Common English Bible<\/em> (CEB, 2011) a <em>NRSV Updated Edition<\/em> (NRSVue, 2021)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p>Najnov\u0161ie akademick\u00e9 preklady definit\u00edvne oddelili Star\u00fd z\u00e1kon od neskor\u0161ej kres\u0165anskej interpret\u00e1cie:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>V <strong>Iz 7, 14<\/strong> uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v\u00fdhradne v\u00fdraz <em>\u201eyoung woman\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Pri <strong>Mt 1, 16<\/strong> v pozn\u00e1mkovom apar\u00e1te otvorene uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa staros\u00fdrske \u010d\u00edtanie: <em>\u201eIn\u00e9 starovek\u00e9 rukopisy \u010d\u00edtaj\u00fa: Jozef&#8230; splodil Je\u017ei\u0161a.\u201c<\/em><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Cesky_a_slovensky_kontext\"><\/span>4. \u010cesk\u00fd a slovensk\u00fd kontext<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p>Aj v slovenskom a \u010deskom prostred\u00ed je vidite\u013en\u00fd z\u00e1sadn\u00fd posun v prekladoch:<\/p>\r\n<p>| Preklad | Kniha proroka Izai\u00e1\u0161a 7, 14 | Evanjelium pod\u013ea Luk\u00e1\u0161a 2, 33 |<br \/>\r\n| : | : | : |<br \/>\r\n| <strong>Tradi\u010dn\u00fd katol\u00edcky preklad<\/strong> (SSV) | <em>\u201eH\u013ea, <strong>panna<\/strong> po\u010dne a porod\u00ed syna&#8230;\u201c<\/em> | <em>\u201eJeho <strong>otec<\/strong> a matka divili sa&#8230;\u201c<\/em> |<br \/>\r\n| <strong>Roh\u00e1\u010dkov preklad<\/strong> (Evanjelick\u00fd, 1936) | <em>\u201eH\u013ea, t\u00e1 <strong>panna<\/strong> po\u010dne a porod\u00ed syna&#8230;\u201c<\/em> | <em>\u201eA <strong>Jozef<\/strong> a jeho matka sa divili&#8230;\u201c<\/em> (star\u0161\u00ed textov\u00fd typ) |<br \/>\r\n| <strong>\u010cesk\u00fd ekumenick\u00fd p\u0159eklad<\/strong> (\u010cEP, 1979) | <em>\u201eHle, <strong>d\u00edvka<\/strong> po\u010dne a porod\u00ed syna&#8230;\u201c<\/em> <em>(Slovo \u201ed\u00edvka\u201c priamo spochyb\u0148uje nutnos\u0165 panenstva).<\/em> | <em>\u201eJeho <strong>otec<\/strong> i matka byli plni \u00fadivu&#8230;\u201c<\/em> |<br \/>\r\n| <strong>Slovensk\u00fd ekumenick\u00fd preklad<\/strong> (SEB, 2007) | V texte ponech\u00e1va <em>\u201epanna\u201c<\/em>, ale <strong>v pozn\u00e1mke pod \u010diarou uv\u00e1dza<\/strong>: <em>\u201eHebr. alm\u00e1 ozna\u010duje diev\u010da, mlad\u00fa \u017eenu s\u00facu na vydaj, bez oh\u013eadu na to, \u010di je panna alebo nie.\u201c<\/em> | <em>\u201eJeho <strong>otec<\/strong> a matka sa divili&#8230;\u201c<\/em> |<br \/>\r\n| <strong>Jeruzalemsk\u00e1 Biblia<\/strong> (Slovensk\u00fd preklad) | V texte ponech\u00e1va <em>\u201epanna\u201c<\/em>, no v teologickom koment\u00e1ri detailne rozober\u00e1, \u017ee hebrejsk\u00fd pojem neznamen\u00e1 panenstvo, ale ide o neskor\u0161iu interpret\u00e1ciu cez gr\u00e9cku Septuagintu. | <em>\u201eJeho <strong>otec<\/strong> a matka sa divili&#8230;\u201c<\/em> |<\/p>\r\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zhrnutie-3\"><\/span>Zhrnutie<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p>Texty, ktor\u00e9 najviac komplikuj\u00fa alebo spochyb\u0148uj\u00fa dogmu o panenskom po\u010dat\u00ed, pre\u0161li v\u00fdvojom:<\/p>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li><strong>V staroveku<\/strong> to bol najm\u00e4 <strong>S\u00fdrsky sinajsk\u00fd k\u00f3dex<\/strong> (kde Jozef priamo plod\u00ed Je\u017ei\u0161a) a <strong>\u017eidovsko-gr\u00e9cke preklady<\/strong> (Aquila, Symmachos), ktor\u00e9 nahradili \u201epannu\u201c \u201emladou \u017eenou\u201c.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>V modernej dobe (od RSV po \u010cEP a NRSVue)<\/strong> vedeck\u00e9 preklady odmietli \u010d\u00edta\u0165 kres\u0165ansk\u00fa dogmu sp\u00e4tne do hebrejsk\u00e9ho Star\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona a v Izai\u00e1\u0161ovi 7, 14 nahradili slovo <em>panna<\/em> presnej\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdrazom <strong>mlad\u00e1 \u017eena \/ diev\u010da<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Citaty_z_Biblie_ktora_najviac_spochybnuju_panenske_pocatie_Jezisa_u_Marie\"><\/span>Cit\u00e1ty z Biblie ktor\u00e1 najviac spochyb\u0148uj\u00fa panensk\u00e9 po\u010datie Je\u017ei\u0161a u M\u00e1rie<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p>V biblick\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch a historicko-kritickom sk\u00faman\u00ed Nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona sa poukazuje na to, \u017ee spr\u00e1va o panenskom po\u010dat\u00ed sa nach\u00e1dza v\u00fdlu\u010dne na za\u010diatku dvoch evanjeli\u00ed (Mat\u00fa\u0161 1 \u2013 2 a Luk\u00e1\u0161 1 \u2013 2). V ostatn\u00fdch \u010dastiach Nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona (u Marka, J\u00e1na \u010di v listoch apo\u0161tola Pavla) sa t\u00e1to t\u00e9ma nespom\u00edna, pr\u00edpadne sa v nich nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa pas\u00e1\u017ee, ktor\u00e9 skeptici, biblick\u00ed kritici a \u017eidovsk\u00ed polemici pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa ako argumenty proti historickosti tejto doktr\u00edny.<\/p>\r\n<p>Ni\u017e\u0161ie s\u00fa uveden\u00e9 biblick\u00e9 cit\u00e1ty rozdelen\u00e9 do hlavn\u00fdch tematick\u00fdch okruhov, ktor\u00e9 sa v tejto diskusii naj\u010dastej\u0161ie uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa:<\/p>\r\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Pasaze_kde_je_Jozef_priamo_oznaceny_za_Jezisovho_otca\"><\/span>1. Pas\u00e1\u017ee, kde je Jozef priamo ozna\u010den\u00fd za Je\u017ei\u0161ovho otca<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p>Kritici poukazuj\u00fa na to, \u017ee viacer\u00e9 texty prirodzene ozna\u010duj\u00fa Jozefa a M\u00e1riu za Je\u017ei\u0161ov\u00fdch rodi\u010dov a Jozefa za jeho otca, a to dokonca aj z \u00fast samotnej M\u00e1rie:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>\r\n<p><strong>Luk\u00e1\u0161 2, 48<\/strong> (M\u00e1ria hovor\u00ed dvan\u00e1s\u0165ro\u010dn\u00e9mu Je\u017ei\u0161ovi v chr\u00e1me):<\/p>\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p><em>\u201eSyn m\u00f4j, \u010do si n\u00e1m to urobil? Pozri, <strong>tvoj otec i ja<\/strong> sme \u0165a s boles\u0165ou h\u013eadali!\u201c<\/em><br \/>\r\n<em>(Kritick\u00fd argument: Ak M\u00e1ria za\u017eila panensk\u00e9 po\u010datie prostredn\u00edctvom Ducha Sv\u00e4t\u00e9ho, pre\u010do pred Je\u017ei\u0161om ozna\u010duje Jozefa za jeho otca?)<\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n<p><strong>Luk\u00e1\u0161 2, 33<\/strong> (reakcia na Simeonovo proroctvo):<\/p>\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p><em>\u201eA <strong>jeho otec a matka<\/strong> sa divili tomu, \u010do sa o \u0148om hovorilo.\u201c<\/em><br \/>\r\n<em>(V najstar\u0161\u00edch gr\u00e9ckych rukopisoch stoj\u00ed doslova \u201ejeho otec a matka\u201c, hoci niektor\u00e9 neskor\u0161ie stredovek\u00e9 prepisy text upravovali na \u201eJozef a jeho matka\u201c, aby sa vyhli teologick\u00fdm rozpakom).<\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n<p><strong>Luk\u00e1\u0161 2, 41<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p><em>\u201e<strong>Jeho rodi\u010dia<\/strong> chodievali ka\u017ed\u00fd rok do Jeruzalema na ve\u013ekono\u010dn\u00e9 sviatky.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n<p><strong>J\u00e1n 1, 45<\/strong> (apo\u0161tol Filip hovor\u00ed Natanaelovi):<\/p>\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p><em>\u201eNa\u0161li sme toho, o ktorom p\u00edsal Moj\u017ei\u0161 v Z\u00e1kone a Proroci: <strong>Je\u017ei\u0161a, syna Jozefovho<\/strong> z Nazareta.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n<p><strong>J\u00e1n 6, 42<\/strong> (reakcia \u017didov na Je\u017ei\u0161ove slov\u00e1 o zost\u00fapen\u00ed z neba):<\/p>\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p><em>\u201ePovedali: \u201a\u010ci to nie je Je\u017ei\u0161, <strong>syn Jozefov, ktor\u00e9ho otca a matku pozn\u00e1me?<\/strong> Ako to, \u017ee teraz hovor\u00ed: Zost\u00fapil som z neba?\u2018\u201c<\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Davidovsky_povod_%E2%80%9Epodla_tela%E2%80%9C_a_rodokmene_cez_Jozefa\"><\/span>2. D\u00e1vidovsk\u00fd p\u00f4vod \u201epod\u013ea tela\u201c a rodokmene cez Jozefa<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p>Staroz\u00e1konn\u00e9 proroctv\u00e1 vy\u017eadovali, aby bol Mesi\u00e1\u0161 biologick\u00fdm potomkom kr\u00e1\u013ea D\u00e1vida (z jeho \u201esemena\u201c). V \u017eidovskom pr\u00e1ve sa kme\u0148ov\u00e1 pr\u00edslu\u0161nos\u0165 a kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00e1 l\u00ednia dedili v\u00fdlu\u010dne po biologickom otcovi.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>\r\n<p><strong>Rimanom 1, 3<\/strong> (Pavlovo teologick\u00e9 vyznanie):<\/p>\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p><em>\u201e&#8230;o jeho Synovi, ktor\u00fd <strong>pod\u013ea tela poch\u00e1dza z D\u00e1vidovho potomstva<\/strong>&#8230;\u201c<\/em><br \/>\r\n<em>(V p\u00f4vodnom gr\u00e9ckom texte je pou\u017eit\u00fd v\u00fdraz \u201eek spermatos David kata sarka\u201c, doslova \u201ez D\u00e1vidovho semena pod\u013ea tela\u201c. Kritici tvrdia, \u017ee Pavol predpokladal skuto\u010dn\u00fd biologick\u00fd p\u00f4vod po otcovi, inak by Je\u017ei\u0161 nebol D\u00e1vidov\u00fdm potomkom).<\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n<p><strong>Mat\u00fa\u0161 1, 16<\/strong> a <strong>Luk\u00e1\u0161 3, 23<\/strong> (Rodokmene):<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Mt 1, 16: <em>\u201e&#8230;Jakub splodil Jozefa, man\u017eela M\u00e1rie, z ktorej sa narodil Je\u017ei\u0161, naz\u00fdvan\u00fd Kristus.\u201c<\/em><\/li>\r\n\t<li>Lk 3, 23: <em>\u201eJe\u017ei\u0161&#8230; bol, ako sa nazd\u00e1vali, synom Jozefov\u00fdm&#8230;\u201c<\/em><br \/>\r\n<em>(Kritick\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka znie: Ak\u00fd zmysel m\u00e1 podrobne dokazova\u0165 Je\u017ei\u0161ov mesi\u00e1\u0161sky n\u00e1rok cez rodokme\u0148 Jozefa, ak Jozef nebol jeho biologick\u00fdm otcom?)<\/em><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_%E2%80%9EMlcanie%E2%80%9C_najstarsich_spisov_a_formulacie_o_beznom_narodeni\"><\/span>3. \u201eMl\u010danie\u201c najstar\u0161\u00edch spisov a formul\u00e1cie o be\u017enom naroden\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p>Najstar\u0161ie texty Nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona (listy apo\u0161tola Pavla z 50. rokov 1. storo\u010dia a Evanjelium pod\u013ea Marka z cca 70. rokov) narodenie z panny v\u00f4bec nespom\u00ednaj\u00fa.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>\r\n<p><strong>Gala\u0165anom 4, 4<\/strong> (najstar\u0161ia Pavlova zmienka o Je\u017ei\u0161ovom naroden\u00ed):<\/p>\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p><em>\u201eAle ke\u010f pri\u0161la plnos\u0165 \u010dasu, Boh poslal svojho Syna, <strong>naroden\u00e9ho zo \u017eeny<\/strong>, naroden\u00e9ho pod z\u00e1konom&#8230;\u201c<\/em><br \/>\r\n<em>(V\u00fdraz \u201enaroden\u00fd zo \u017eeny\u201c je v semitskom a biblickom jazyku be\u017en\u00e9 ozna\u010denie pre ka\u017ed\u00e9ho smrte\u013en\u00e9ho \u010dloveka \u2013 porovnaj J\u00f3b 14, 1 alebo Mt 11, 11. Pavol tu nepou\u017e\u00edva slovo \u201epanna\u201c [parthenos], ale oby\u010dajn\u00e9 slovo \u201e\u017eena\u201c [gyn\u0113]).<\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n<p><strong>Marek 3, 21 a 31 \u2013 35<\/strong> (Je\u017ei\u0161ova rodina ho poklad\u00e1 za pom\u00e4ten\u00e9ho):<\/p>\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p><em>\u201eKe\u010f sa to dopo\u010duli jeho pr\u00edbuzn\u00ed, i\u0161li ho odvies\u0165; hovorili toti\u017e: \u201aPomiatol sa.\u2018\u201c<\/em><br \/>\r\n<em>(Historick\u00ed kritici sa p\u00fdtaj\u00fa: Ak by M\u00e1ria a rodina za\u017eili anjelsk\u00e9 zvestovanie a z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00e9 panensk\u00e9 po\u010datie, pre\u010do by mali nesk\u00f4r pochybnosti o Je\u017ei\u0161ovom poslan\u00ed a pova\u017eovali ho za bl\u00e1zna?)<\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Filologicky_spor_o_starozakonne_proroctvo_Izaias_7_14\"><\/span>4. Filologick\u00fd spor o staroz\u00e1konn\u00e9 proroctvo (Izai\u00e1\u0161 7, 14)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p>Evanjelista Mat\u00fa\u0161 (Mt 1, 22\u201323) sa odvol\u00e1va na proroctvo z Knihy proroka Izai\u00e1\u0161a ako na predpove\u010f panensk\u00e9ho po\u010datia:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>\r\n<p><strong>Izai\u00e1\u0161 7, 14<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p><em>\u201ePreto v\u00e1m s\u00e1m P\u00e1n d\u00e1 znamenie: H\u013ea, <strong>panna<\/strong> po\u010dne a porod\u00ed syna a d\u00e1 mu meno Emanuel.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n<p><strong>Kritick\u00fd rozbor textu:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>V p\u00f4vodnom hebrejskom texte Star\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona je pou\u017eit\u00e9 slovo <strong>alma<\/strong> (\u05e2\u05b7\u05dc\u05b0\u05de\u05b8\u05d4), \u010do znamen\u00e1 <em>\u201emlad\u00e1 \u017eena v plodnom veku\u201c<\/em> alebo <em>\u201ediev\u010da\u201c<\/em>, bez nutnosti predpoklada\u0165 panenstvo (pre pannu m\u00e1 hebrej\u010dina \u0161pecifick\u00e9 slovo <em>betula<\/em> \u2013 \u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05ea\u05d5\u05bc\u05dc\u05b8\u05d4).<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Slovo \u201epanna\u201c sa do textu dostalo a\u017e v 3. storo\u010d\u00ed pred Kr., ke\u010f \u017eidovsk\u00ed u\u010denci v Alexandrii prekladali Star\u00fd z\u00e1kon do gr\u00e9\u010dtiny (Septuaginta) a slovo <em>alma<\/em> prelo\u017eili gr\u00e9ckym <strong>parthenos<\/strong> (\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013 panna).<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Z historick\u00e9ho kontextu Izai\u00e1\u0161a 7 navy\u0161e vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee toto znamenie bolo ur\u010den\u00e9 kr\u00e1\u013eovi Achazovi v 8. storo\u010d\u00ed pred Kr. ako uistenie o z\u00e1chrane Jeruzalema pred s\u00fdrsko-izraelskou koal\u00edciou e\u0161te predt\u00fdm, ne\u017e naroden\u00e9 die\u0165a dospeje. Kritici tvrdia, \u017ee Mat\u00fa\u0161 prevzal gr\u00e9cky preklad a aplikoval ho na Je\u017ei\u0161a mimo p\u00f4vodn\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Staroveke_apokryfy_Protoevanjelium_Jakubovo_co_hovori_o_panenstve_Marie\"><\/span>Starovek\u00e9 apokryfy. (Protoevanjelium Jakubovo) \u010do hovor\u00ed o panenstve M\u00e1rie?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p><strong>Protoevanjelium Jakubovo<\/strong> (nap\u00edsan\u00e9 okolo roku 145 \u2013 170 po Kr.) je z h\u013eadiska dej\u00edn kres\u0165anstva <strong>najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00ed mimobiblick\u00fd text o M\u00e1rii<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<p>Hoci ho cirkev nesk\u00f4r nezaradila do k\u00e1nonu Nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona a ozna\u010dila ho za apokryf, pr\u00e1ve tento text vytvoril z\u00e1klady pre neskor\u0161ie cirkevn\u00e9 dogmy o M\u00e1rii (najm\u00e4 v katol\u00edckej a pravosl\u00e1vnej trad\u00edcii). Vznikol ako priama <strong>obrana proti dobov\u00fdm \u0161kand\u00e1lom a obvineniam<\/strong> (\u017ee Je\u017ei\u0161 bol sploden\u00fd v predman\u017eelskom sexe s Jozefom alebo s vojakom Pantherom).<\/p>\r\n<p>Tento apokryf doviedol obhajobu panenstva M\u00e1rie do absol\u00fatneho extr\u00e9mu a ako prv\u00fd v hist\u00f3rii definoval jej panenstvo v troch rovin\u00e1ch: <strong>pred p\u00f4rodom, pri p\u00f4rode aj po p\u00f4rode<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Panenstvo_a_ritualna_cistota_pred_pocatim\"><\/span>1. Panenstvo a ritu\u00e1lna \u010distota pred po\u010dat\u00edm<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p>K\u00fdm biblick\u00e9 evanjeli\u00e1 za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa a\u017e M\u00e1riin\u00fdm dospievan\u00edm, Protoevanjelium Jakubovo opisuje jej \u017eivot od narodenia, aby dok\u00e1zalo, \u017ee sa jej <strong>nikdy v \u017eivote nedotklo ni\u010d ne\u010dist\u00e9<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>M\u00e1riini rodi\u010dia:<\/strong> Prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t v hist\u00f3rii menuje jej rodi\u010dov ako <strong>Joachima a Annu<\/strong>. Anna bola neplodn\u00e1 a M\u00e1ria bola po\u010dat\u00e1 ako z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00fd Bo\u017e\u00ed dar.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Izol\u00e1cia od sveta:<\/strong> Od chv\u00edle, ke\u010f sa M\u00e1ria nau\u010dila chodi\u0165, nesmela st\u00fapi\u0165 na oby\u010dajn\u00fa zem. Jej izba bola premenen\u00e1 na sv\u00e4ty\u0148u, kde ju obsluhovali v\u00fdlu\u010dne nepo\u0161kvrnen\u00e9 \u017eidovsk\u00e9 panny.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>\u017divot v chr\u00e1me (od 3 do 12 rokov):<\/strong> V troch rokoch ju rodi\u010dia odviedli do Jeruzalemsk\u00e9ho chr\u00e1mu. Text tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee \u017eila priamo vo <em>Sv\u00e4tyni sv\u00e4t\u00fdch<\/em> (kam smel vst\u00fapi\u0165 len ve\u013ek\u0148az raz do roka) a <strong>jedlo jej prin\u00e1\u0161al priamo anjel z neba<\/strong>. T\u00fdm chcel autor dok\u00e1za\u0165, \u017ee M\u00e1ria nepoznala be\u017en\u00fd pozemsk\u00fd \u017eivot ani \u013eudsk\u00e9 poku\u0161enia.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Jozef_ako_stary_opatrovnik_nie_manzel\"><\/span>2. Jozef ako star\u00fd opatrovn\u00edk, nie man\u017eel<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p>Ke\u010f M\u00e1ria dosiahla vek 12 rokov a za\u010dala men\u0161truova\u0165, k\u0148azi ju museli z chr\u00e1mu posla\u0165 pre\u010d, aby krvou ritu\u00e1lne nezne\u010distila sv\u00e4ty\u0148u.<\/p>\r\n<p>Aby obh\u00e1jil M\u00e1riino trval\u00e9 panenstvo, text radik\u00e1lne men\u00ed postavu Jozefa:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>K\u0148azi zvolali vdovcov z Izraela a z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00fdm znamen\u00edm (z palice vyletela holubica) vybrali <strong>Jozefa<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Jozef je v apokryfe op\u00edsan\u00fd ako <strong>ve\u013emi star\u00fd mu\u017e (starec), ktor\u00fd u\u017e m\u00e1 dospel\u00fdch synov<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Jozef sa v texte v\u00fdslovne br\u00e1ni:\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p><em>\u201eM\u00e1m synov a som starec, k\u00fdm ona je mlad\u00e9 diev\u010da. Nebudem na posmech synom Izraela?\u201c<\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>\u00da\u010del zv\u00e4zku:<\/strong> Jozef si M\u00e1riu neberie ako man\u017eelku na int\u00edmny \u017eivot, ale dost\u00e1va ju od k\u0148azov <strong>do opatery ako str\u00e1\u017eca jej panenstva<\/strong>.<br \/>\r\n<em>(T\u00fdmto apokryf v dejin\u00e1ch cirkvi prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t \u201evyrie\u0161il\u201c biblick\u00fa zmienku o Je\u017ei\u0161ov\u00fdch bratoch \u2013 pod\u013ea tohto textu to boli Jozefovi synovia z jeho predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faceho man\u017eelstva, tak\u017ee M\u00e1ria nemala in\u00e9 deti).<\/em><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Sud_a_skuska_horkou_vodou_Overenie_pred_knazmi\"><\/span>3. S\u00fad a sk\u00fa\u0161ka horkou vodou (Overenie pred k\u0148azmi)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p>Ke\u010f mala M\u00e1ria 16 rokov a zistilo sa, \u017ee je tehotn\u00e1, nastal obrovsk\u00fd \u0161kand\u00e1l. K\u0148az Ann\u00e1\u0161 obvinil Jozefa:<\/p>\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p><em>\u201ePre\u010do si to urobil? Tajne si sa spojil s pannou, ktor\u00fa si prijal z P\u00e1novho chr\u00e1mu, a neozn\u00e1mil si to synom Izraela?\u201c<\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<p>Jozef aj M\u00e1ria tvrdili, \u017ee s\u00fa nevinn\u00ed. Ve\u013ek\u0148az ich preto podrobil staroz\u00e1konnej <strong>sk\u00fa\u0161ke horkou vodou<\/strong> (pod\u013ea knihy Numeri 5, kde \u017eena podozriv\u00e1 z nevery musela vypi\u0165 prekliatu vodu a ak bola vinn\u00e1, ochorela a zomrela):<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Ve\u013ek\u0148az dal napi\u0165 vody Jozefovi a poslal ho do h\u00f4r \u2013 Jozef sa vr\u00e1til \u017eiv\u00fd a zdrav\u00fd.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Ve\u013ek\u0148az dal napi\u0165 M\u00e1rii a poslal ju do h\u00f4r \u2013 M\u00e1ria sa vr\u00e1tila \u017eiv\u00e1 a zdrav\u00e1.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>K\u0148azi museli uzna\u0165: <em>\u201eKe\u010f\u017ee P\u00e1n neuk\u00e1zal v\u00e1\u0161 hriech, ani ja v\u00e1s neodsudzujem.\u201c<\/em><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Panenstvo_pri_porode_Virginitas_in_partu_a_%E2%80%9Egynekologicka_previerka%E2%80%9C\"><\/span>4. Panenstvo pri p\u00f4rode (<em>Virginitas in partu<\/em>) a \u201egynekologick\u00e1 previerka\u201c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p>Najsl\u00e1vnej\u0161ia, najradik\u00e1lnej\u0161ia a pre modern\u00e9ho \u010ditate\u013ea naj\u0161okuj\u00facej\u0161ia pas\u00e1\u017e Protoevanjelia Jakubovho sa odohr\u00e1va pri samotnom p\u00f4rode v jaskyni pri Betleheme (kapitoly 19 \u2013 20):<\/p>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li><strong>Z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00fd nefyzick\u00fd p\u00f4rod:<\/strong> P\u00f4rod neprebieha prirodzene. V jaskyni sa objav\u00ed \u017eiariv\u00fd oblak a oslepuj\u00face svetlo. Ke\u010f svetlo ust\u00fapi, die\u0165a (Je\u017ei\u0161) sa zrazu zjav\u00ed a samo sa prisaje k M\u00e1riinmu prsn\u00edku. Ned\u00f4jde k \u017eiadnym p\u00f4rodn\u00fdm bolestiam ani k otvoreniu lona.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Neveriaca Salome:<\/strong> Jozef privedie p\u00f4rodn\u00fa babu. T\u00e1 vyjde z jaskyne a stretne \u017eenu menom <strong>Salome<\/strong>. Hovor\u00ed jej: <em>\u201eSalome, mus\u00edm ti poveda\u0165 o nev\u00eddanom dive: panna porodila, \u010do jej prirodzenos\u0165 nedovo\u013euje!\u201c<\/em><\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Fyzick\u00e1 previerka panenstva:<\/strong> Salome odmietne uveri\u0165 a povie:\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p><em>\u201eAko \u017eije P\u00e1n, m\u00f4j Boh, neuver\u00edm, <strong>k\u00fdm nevlo\u017e\u00edm svoj prst a nepresk\u00famam jej lono<\/strong>, \u010di je skuto\u010dne pannou!\u201c<\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Z\u00e1zrak s oh\u0148om:<\/strong> Salome vojde dnu, M\u00e1ria sa podrob\u00ed int\u00edmnej prehliadke. Salome vlo\u017e\u00ed prst, aby skontrolovala panensk\u00fa blanu (<em>hymen<\/em>), a v tom momente vykr\u00edkne:\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p>*\u201eBeda mojej nepr\u00e1vosti a mojej neviere! Pok\u00fa\u0161ala som \u017eiv\u00e9ho Boha a <strong>h\u013ea, moja ruka hor\u00ed a odpad\u00e1va odo m\u0148a v plame\u0148och!<\/strong>\u201c*<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Uzdravenie:<\/strong> Salome rob\u00ed pok\u00e1nie, zjav\u00ed sa anjel a povie jej, aby sa dotkla die\u0165a\u0165a. Salome vezme mal\u00e9ho Je\u017ei\u0161a na ruky a jej sp\u00e1len\u00e1 ruka je okam\u017eite uzdraven\u00e1.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p>Tento pr\u00edbeh mal by\u0165 pre vtedaj\u0161\u00ed svet definit\u00edvnym, doslova \u201emedic\u00ednskym\u201c d\u00f4kazom, \u017ee <strong>M\u00e1ria zostala fyzicky a anatomicky neporu\u0161enou pannou aj po\u010das samotn\u00e9ho p\u00f4rodu<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Panenstvo_po_porode_Virginitas_post_partum\"><\/span>5. Panenstvo po p\u00f4rode (<em>Virginitas post partum<\/em>)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p>Text uzatv\u00e1ra obraz M\u00e1rie ako bytosti, ktor\u00e1 po tak\u00fdchto z\u00e1zrakoch nikdy v \u017eivote nevst\u00fapila do sexu\u00e1lneho vz\u0165ahu s Jozefom. Zostala v poz\u00edcii do\u017eivotne zasv\u00e4tenej panny a Jozef plnil iba rolu jej ochrancu a \u017eivite\u013ea rodiny.<\/p>\r\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Historicke_zhodnotenie_Preco_to_autor_napisal\"><\/span>Historick\u00e9 zhodnotenie: Pre\u010do to autor nap\u00edsal?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p>Z poh\u013eadu kritickej hist\u00f3rie je Protoevanjelium Jakubovo <strong>\u010distou n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou propagandou a apologetikou 2. storo\u010dia<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>Odpove\u010f na ohov\u00e1ranie:<\/strong> V 2. storo\u010d\u00ed kres\u0165ania \u010delili posmechu zo strany \u017didov aj Rimanov, \u017ee Je\u017ei\u0161 je pankhart, neman\u017eelsk\u00e9 die\u0165a alebo plod predman\u017eelsk\u00e9ho zlyhania s Jozefom.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Cie\u013e autora:<\/strong> Autor chcel tieto re\u010di r\u00e1zne ukon\u010di\u0165. Vytvoril preto pr\u00edbeh, kde je M\u00e1riino panenstvo potvrden\u00e9:\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li>anjelmi v chr\u00e1me,<\/li>\r\n\t<li>staroz\u00e1konnou sk\u00fa\u0161kou neviny pred ve\u013ek\u0148azom,<\/li>\r\n\t<li>nez\u00e1vislou p\u00f4rodnou babou,<\/li>\r\n\t<li>a nakoniec fyzick\u00fdm vy\u0161etren\u00edm skeptickej \u017eeny Salome, ktor\u00fa za jej pochybnosti potrestal Boh.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Paradox_tohto_spisu_v_dejinach\"><\/span>Paradox tohto spisu v dejin\u00e1ch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p>Cirkev tento spis v 5. a 6. storo\u010d\u00ed (tzv. <em>Decretum Gelasianum<\/em>) ofici\u00e1lne <strong>zak\u00e1zala a vyradila<\/strong> ako apokryf, preto\u017ee obsahoval prive\u013ea fantastick\u00fdch a teologicky sporn\u00fdch prvkov.<\/p>\r\n<p>Napriek tomu z neho cirkevn\u00e1 trad\u00edcia takmer doslova prevzala:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Men\u00e1 M\u00e1riin\u00fdch rodi\u010dov (sv. Joachim a sv. Anna),<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Sviatok Obetovania Panny M\u00e1rie (uvedenie do chr\u00e1mu 21. novembra),<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Tradi\u010dn\u00fa predstavu sv\u00e4t\u00e9ho Jozefa ako starca s bradou,<\/li>\r\n\t<li>A predov\u0161etk\u00fdm teologick\u00fd koncept <strong>trval\u00e9ho panenstva M\u00e1rie pred p\u00f4rodom, pri p\u00f4rode a po p\u00f4rode<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ake_su_rozdiely_v_teologii_katolikov_a_protestantov_na_panenstvo_Marie_po_porodeni_Krista\"><\/span>Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa rozdiely v teol\u00f3gii katol\u00edkov a protestantov na panenstvo M\u00e1rie po poroden\u00ed Krista?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p>Hlavn\u00fdm rozdielom je, \u017ee katol\u00edci veria v trval\u00e9 panenstvo M\u00e1rie aj po naroden\u00ed Je\u017ei\u0161a, zatia\u013e \u010do v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina modern\u00fdch protestantov ver\u00ed, \u017ee M\u00e1ria mala nesk\u00f4r s Jozefom \u010fal\u0161ie deti.<br \/>\r\nTu je stru\u010dn\u00fd a preh\u013eadn\u00fd preh\u013ead k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch rozdielov:<\/p>\r\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Katolicka_teologia_Virginitas_post_partum\"><\/span>1. Katol\u00edcka teol\u00f3gia (Virginitas post partum)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Dogma o trvalom panenstve: Katol\u00edcka cirkev u\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee M\u00e1ria zostala pannou pred p\u00f4rodom, po\u010das p\u00f4rodu a po cel\u00fd zvy\u0161ok svojho \u017eivota.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>S\u00farodenci Je\u017ei\u0161a: V\u00fdrazy v Biblii ako \u201eJe\u017ei\u0161ovi bratia a sestry\u201c (napr. Jakub, Jozef, J\u00fada a \u0160imon) katolicizmus interpretuje ako bl\u00edzkych pr\u00edbuzn\u00fdch (bratrancov, sesternice) alebo Jozefove deti z predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faceho man\u017eelstva. Vtedaj\u0161ia hebrej\u010dina a aramej\u010dina toti\u017e nemali \u0161pecifick\u00e9 slovo pre \u201ebratranca\u201c.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Duchovn\u00fd rozmer: M\u00e1ria je vn\u00edman\u00e1 ako \u201eChr\u00e1m Ducha Sv\u00e4t\u00e9ho\u201c a jej celo\u017eivotn\u00e9 panenstvo symbolizuje \u00fapln\u00e9 zasv\u00e4tenie sa Bohu.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Protestantska_teologia\"><\/span>2. Protestantsk\u00e1 teol\u00f3gia<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Norm\u00e1lne man\u017eelstvo: V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina dne\u0161n\u00fdch protestantov ver\u00ed, \u017ee po naroden\u00ed Je\u017ei\u0161a \u017eili M\u00e1ria a Jozef v klasickom man\u017eelskom zv\u00e4zve a mali spolu vlastn\u00e9 deti.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Doslovn\u00fd v\u00fdklad p\u00edsma: Protestantsk\u00e1 teol\u00f3gia sa opiera o texty Nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona, ktor\u00e9 spom\u00ednaj\u00fa Je\u017ei\u0161ov\u00fdch bratov a sestry, a texty hovoriace, \u017ee Jozef ju nepoznal, \u201ek\u00fdm neporodila syna\u201c (Mat\u00fa\u0161 1:25), \u010do pod\u013ea nich nazna\u010duje, \u017ee nesk\u00f4r int\u00edmne \u017eili.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Historick\u00e1 v\u00fdnimka: Je zauj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee prv\u00ed reform\u00e1tori (Martin Luther, J\u00e1n Kalv\u00edn a Ulrich Zwingli) osobne verili v trval\u00e9 panenstvo M\u00e1rie. Postupom \u010dasu sa v\u0161ak protestantizmus od tohto poh\u013eadu odklonil a zameral sa v\u00fdhradne na panensk\u00e9 po\u010datie Je\u017ei\u0161a (\u010do protestanti plne uzn\u00e1vaj\u00fa).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Panensk\u00e9 po\u010datie Je\u017ei\u0161a v lone M\u00e1rie je existen\u010dne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pre kres\u0165anov preto\u017ee potvrdzuje bo\u017esk\u00fd p\u00f4vod Krista. T\u00e1to te\u00f3ria m\u00e1 ale v\u00e1\u017ene trhliny. Ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo argumentov je aj v samotnej Biblii, ktor\u00e9 spochyb\u0148uj\u00fa cirkevn\u00e9 dogmy. Existuj\u00fa te\u00f3rie, \u017ee M\u00e1ria splodila Je\u017ei\u0161a v r\u00e1mci predman\u017eelsk\u00e9ho sexu s Jozefom e\u0161te pred svadbou? Existuj\u00fa anal\u00fdzy Biblie ktor\u00e9 to potvrdzuj\u00fa? &#8230; <a title=\"Panensk\u00e9 po\u010datie Je\u017ei\u0161a v lone M\u00e1rie m\u00e1 v\u00e1\u017ene trhliny. Spochyb\u0148uje to bo\u017esk\u00fd p\u00f4vod Krista. O hist\u00f3rii cirkevnej propagandy\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/sk\/panenske-pocatie-jezisa-v-lone-marie-ma-vazne-trhliny-spochybnuje-to-bozsky-povod-krista\/\" aria-label=\"Pre\u010d\u00edtajte si viac o Panensk\u00e9 po\u010datie Je\u017ei\u0161a v lone M\u00e1rie m\u00e1 v\u00e1\u017ene trhliny. Spochyb\u0148uje to bo\u017esk\u00fd p\u00f4vod Krista. O hist\u00f3rii cirkevnej propagandy\">\u010c\u00edta\u0165 viac<\/a>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3808","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-krestanstvo"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3808","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3808"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3808\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3818,"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3808\/revisions\/3818"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3808"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3808"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/krestanstvo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3808"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}