{"id":26,"date":"2016-03-06T23:07:15","date_gmt":"2016-03-06T22:07:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/farmakologia\/2016\/03\/06\/vedecky-vyskum-psychoaktivnych-latok-v-praxi\/"},"modified":"2026-01-28T00:43:50","modified_gmt":"2026-01-27T23:43:50","slug":"vedecky-vyskum-psychoaktivnych-latok-v-praxi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/farmakologia\/sk\/vedecky-vyskum-psychoaktivnych-latok-v-praxi\/","title":{"rendered":"Vedeck\u00fd v\u00fdskum psychoakt\u00edvnych l\u00e1tok v praxi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Na \u013eu\u010foch testova\u0165 psychoakt\u00edvne l\u00e1tky alebo psychiatrick\u00e9 lieky je nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a v praxi sa to nerob\u00ed. Najprv sa to testuje na <strong>labolat\u00f3rnom zvierati<\/strong> a\u017e potom na \u010dloveku.<br \/><br \/><strong>Chemik<\/strong> vyrob\u00ed nejak\u00fa nezn\u00e1mu l\u00e1tku pri ktorej sa bude predpoklada\u0165, \u017ee je psychoakt\u00edvna. Nie je ist\u00e9 ak\u00e9 bude ma\u0165 t\u00e1to l\u00e1tka \u00fa\u010dinky a ak\u00fa <strong>afinitu na jednotliv\u00e9 receptory<\/strong>. Rozdiel v afinite medzi jednotliv\u00fdmi psychoakt\u00edvnymi l\u00e1tkami mo\u017ee by\u0165 aj 10000 n\u00e1sobok.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Affinity_%28pharmacology%29\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Affinity_%28pharmacology%29<\/a><br \/><br \/><strong>Zviera-cicavec m\u00e1 ve\u013emi podobn\u00fd mozog ako \u010dlovek, s\u00fa tam len minim\u00e1lne rozdiely.<\/strong><br \/>\nVedci robili aj tak\u00e9 experimenty, \u017ee <strong>umelo vyvolali my\u0161iam depresie<\/strong>, vystaven\u00edm ich \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdm stresuj\u00facim situ\u00e1ciam na dlhodobej \u00farovni. V \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdch depresi\u00e1ch so psychiatrickej medic\u00edny vieme, \u017ee \u010dlovek sa nedok\u00e1\u017ee ani h\u00fdba\u0165, nedok\u00e1\u017ee kr\u00e1\u010da\u0165 a pohn\u00fa\u0165 sa z miesta. Na my\u0161iach pozorovali vedci nie\u010do podobn\u00e9, ke\u010f na nich pozorovali \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 depresie, v tej forme, \u017ee sa nedok\u00e1zali ani pohn\u00fa\u0165 z miesta. <strong>Nesk\u00f4r podali vedci my\u0161iam SSRI antidepres\u00edva a my\u0161i sa vr\u00e1tili do norm\u00e1lu<\/strong> &#8211; za\u010dali sa h\u00fdba\u0165 a za\u010dali fungova\u0165 ako zdrav\u00e9 &#8211; <strong>teda zvierat\u00e1 vylie\u010dili z depresi\u00ed<\/strong>. Je zauj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee aj zvierat\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee trpie\u0165 depresiami a je ich aj mo\u017en\u00e9 lie\u010di\u0165 antidepres\u00edvami.<br \/>\nT\u00fdmto vedeck\u00fdm experimentom chcem poveda\u0165 to, \u017ee <strong>\u013eudsk\u00fd aj zvierac\u00ed mozog je ve\u013emi podobn\u00fd a obsahuje presne rovnak\u00e9 receptory ako \u010dlovek<\/strong> (s len ve\u013emi mal\u00fdmi rozdielmi, napr. niektor\u00e9 podtypy receptorov zviera v porovnan\u00ed z \u010dlovekom m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 navy\u0161e, in\u00e9 mu m\u00f4\u017eu ch\u00fdba\u0165).<br \/><br \/>Teda vo vedeckej praxi sa so psychoakt\u00edvnymi l\u00e1tkami k\u013eudne m\u00f4\u017ee experimentova\u0165 na my\u0161iach. Pod patri\u010dn\u00fdmi pr\u00edstrojmi je vidie\u0165 na ak\u00e9 receptory dan\u00e1 l\u00e1tka p\u00f4sob\u00ed, s akou afinitou, \u010di p\u00f4sob\u00ed ako agonista alebo antagonista. A rovnako ako u zviera\u0165a, to bude plati\u0165 aj u \u010dloveka &#8211; nie s\u00fa tam \u017eiadne v\u00fdznamnej\u0161ie rozdiely.<br \/><br \/>Vo vedeckom t\u00edme m\u00e1 nesmie ch\u00fdba\u0165 chemik, ktor\u00fd vytv\u00e1ra nov\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny, famakol\u00f3g a lek\u00e1r neurol\u00f3g alebo psychiater, zverolek\u00e1r\/veretin\u00e1r. Alebo lek\u00e1ra pr\u00edpadne m\u00f4\u017ee nahradi\u0165 veterin\u00e1r.<br \/><br \/><strong>So zvieratami sa pod\u013ea mo\u017enosti zaobch\u00e1dza \u010do naj\u0161etrnnej\u0161ie.<\/strong> Jedno zviera sa m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017ei\u0165 na testovanie aj viacero l\u00e1tok.<br \/>\nSmr\u0165 zvierata je nevyhnutn\u00e1 iba pri zis\u0165ovan\u00ed <strong>toxicity<\/strong> danej l\u00e1tky. To znamen\u00e1 \u017ee v akej d\u00e1vke je l\u00e1tka smrte\u013en\u00e1, vyjadruje sa zo <strong>v jednotk\u00e1ch g\/kg, alebo mg\/kg<\/strong>. Teda prepo\u010d\u00edtava sa to na z\u00e1klade pomeru hmotnosti zviera\u0165a a hmotnosti \u00fa\u010dinnej l\u00e1tky.<br \/>\n(Aj be\u017en\u00e1 priemern\u00e1 d\u00e1vka rekrea\u010dn\u00e1 d\u00e1vka nejakej psychoakt\u00edvnej l\u00e1tky sa vyjadruje v jednotk\u00e1ch mg\/kg, teda ko\u013eko miligramov na jeden kilogram hmotnosti \u010dloveka)<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Toxicity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Toxicity<\/a><br \/><br \/><strong>Pozitr\u00f3nov\u00e1 emisn\u00e1 tomografia<\/strong><br \/>\nAko zobrazovacie met\u00f3dy na aktivitu receptorov sa mysl\u00edm a pokia\u013e viem pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa r\u00e1dioakt\u00edvne l\u00e1tky, napr. radioakt\u00edvny seroton\u00edn, alebo u\u017e neviem ako. Na pr\u00edstrojoch je mo\u017en\u00e9 vidie\u0165 v mozgu neurotransmitern\u00e9 l\u00e1tky aj \u010dinnos\u0165 receptorov samotn\u00fdch. (u\u017e dnes je potrebn\u00e9 na vy\u0161etrenie na CT pr\u00edstroji vypi\u0165 r\u00e1dioakt\u00edvnu kvapalinu. \u00daroven radi\u00e1cie je ve\u013emi n\u00edzka a pol\u0161as rozpadu je ve\u013emi kr\u00e1tky. Nijak to neohroz\u00ed zdravie pacienta a je to bezpe\u010dn\u00e9)<br \/><br \/><strong>Ktor\u00e9 l\u00e1tky s\u00fa psychoakt\u00edvne?<\/strong><br \/>\nPsychoakt\u00edvne l\u00e1tky s\u00fa len tie, ktor\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eu penetrova\u0165 cez mozgov\u00fa krvn\u00fa bari\u00e9ru. Penetrova\u0165 dok\u00e1\u017eu len tie l\u00e1tky, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa v dostato\u010dnej miere lipofiln\u00e9, teda rozpustn\u00e9 v tukoch.<\/p>\n\n<h1> <\/h1>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Na \u013eu\u010foch testova\u0165 psychoakt\u00edvne l\u00e1tky alebo psychiatrick\u00e9 lieky je nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a v praxi sa to nerob\u00ed. Najprv sa to testuje na labolat\u00f3rnom zvierati a\u017e potom na \u010dloveku.","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-farmakologia"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/farmakologia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/farmakologia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/farmakologia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/farmakologia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/farmakologia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/farmakologia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/farmakologia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/farmakologia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/farmakologia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}