{"id":12,"date":"2016-03-06T17:43:11","date_gmt":"2016-03-06T16:43:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/farmakologia\/2016\/03\/06\/antipsychotika\/"},"modified":"2026-01-28T00:43:51","modified_gmt":"2026-01-27T23:43:51","slug":"antipsychotika","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/farmakologia\/sk\/antipsychotika\/","title":{"rendered":"Antipsychotik\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Viem, \u017ee farmaceutick\u00e9 firmy museli vr\u00e1\u017ea\u0165 do v\u00fdskumu antipsychot\u00edk naozaj poriadne peniaze, ur\u010dite experiment\u00e1lne v labolat\u00f3riach chemici syntetizovali stovky a mo\u017eno aj tis\u00edce chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok a potom ich testovali na zvierat\u00e1ch (\u010do \u00faplne sta\u010d\u00ed) a nesk\u00f4r na \u013eu\u010foch. Rozhodne farmakol\u00f3gia nie je vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch oblastiach medic\u00edny tak dobre rozvinut\u00e1 a nebolo do nej investovan\u00e9 to\u013eko ve\u013ea pe\u0148az\u00ed ako do atypick\u00fdch antipsychot\u00edk. Atypick\u00e9 antipsychotik\u00e1 ale nemusia ma\u0165 v\u017edy v\u00fdhodu &#8211; p\u00f4sobia na ve\u013ea typov receptorov, \u010do nemus\u00ed by\u0165 v\u017edy dobr\u00e9, aj typick\u00e9 antipsychotik\u00e1 maj\u00fa svoje v\u00fdhody.<br \/><br \/>Probl\u00e9m ale je sk\u00f4r nedostatok niektor\u00fdch liekov na Slovenskom trhu. To je chyba \u0160\u00daKL, ktor\u00fd by mal v\u0161etko urobi\u0165 preto, aby si v SR \u010do najviac farmaceutick\u00fdch firiem zaregistrovalo svoje lieky. \u0160\u00daKL by sa malo z\u00fa\u010dast\u0148ova\u0165 svetov\u00fdch farmaceutick\u00fdch v\u00fdstav a sna\u017ei\u0165 sa pril\u00e1ka\u0165 na Slovensko \u010do najviac firiem. (Okrem toho cenovou konkurenciou by takzdravotn\u00e1 pois\u0165ov\u0148a u\u0161etrila mnoho pe\u0148az\u00ed).<br \/><br \/>A \u010fal\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m je to, \u017ee psychiatri sa sami nerozumej\u00fa liekom, ktor\u00e9 predpisuj\u00fa a rozumie\u0165 by sa im rozhodne mali.<br \/><br \/>Ako nerozumn\u00e9 vn\u00edmam to, ak m\u00e1 jeden pacient predp\u00edsan\u00e9 dve antipsychotik\u00e1. Lieky si najsk\u00f4r bud\u00fa svoje \u00fa\u010dinky na niektor\u00e9 receptory vz\u00e1jomne blokova\u0165, \u010do v praxi m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 kontraprodukt\u00edvne.<br \/><br \/>Pod\u013ea doteraj\u0161\u00edch poznatkov, za schizofr\u00e9niu zodpovedaj\u00fa dopam\u00ednov\u00e9, seroton\u00ednov\u00e9 a histam\u00ednov\u00e9 (naozaj dobre po\u010dujete, \u017ee histam\u00ednov\u00e9) a muskar\u00edn-acetylchol\u00ednov\u00e9 receptory. Ak p\u00f4sobia na histam\u00ednov\u00e9 receptory, tak v\u017edy antagonisticky. Na seroton\u00ednov\u00e9 receptory p\u00f4sobia antipsychotik\u00e1 bu\u010f ako agonisti alebo antagonisti.<br \/><br \/>\u010ealej si mysl\u00edm, \u017ee je ve\u013ekou chybou to, aby sa lek\u00e1r riadil pod\u013ea pr\u00edbalov\u00fdch let\u00e1\u010dikov, tak je t\u00fdch inform\u00e1cii pr\u00edli\u017e m\u00e1lo. Vo\u013eba lieku by mala spo\u010d\u00edva\u0165 v\u017edy na b\u00e1ze toho, na\u0161 ak\u00e9 receptory dan\u00fd liek p\u00f4sob\u00ed. Napr. pri seroton\u00ednov\u00fdch receptoroch je to najviac zlo\u017eit\u00e9: jednotliv\u00e9 typy receptorov sa vz\u00e1jomne od seba v\u00fdznamnej\u0161ie l\u00ed\u0161ia.<br \/><br \/>Ve\u013emi netradi\u010dn\u00fd (v tom, \u017ee p\u00f4sob\u00ed na mal\u00fd po\u010det druhov receptorov) je aj nasledovn\u00fd liek, antipsychotikum. Je histam\u00ednov\u00fd a seroton\u00ednov\u00fd antagonista. M\u00e1 aj proti\u00fazkostn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky<br \/>\n<strong>Hydroxyz\u00edn (Atarax)<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hydroxyzine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hydroxyzine<\/a><br \/>\n************<br \/>\nNaj\u010dastej\u0161ej chyby, ktorej sa dop\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa psychatri pri psychiatrick\u00fdch pacientoch je to, \u017ee im predpisuj\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo liekov, \u010do je \u00faplne kontraprodukt\u00edvne, \u00fa\u010dinky liekov sa vz\u00e1jomne m\u00f4\u017eu blokova\u0165 a podobne. Jeden pacient by vo v\u0161eobecnosti nemal u\u017e\u00edva\u0165 viac ako jedno aktipsychotikum. Do atypick\u00fdch antipsychot\u00edk vrazili farmaceutick\u00e9 firmy extr\u00e9mne \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 miliardy a s\u00fa unik\u00e1tne v tom, \u017ee p\u00f4sobia na ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo receptorov. Len m\u00e1loktor\u00fd psychiater sa aj rozumie \u00fa\u010dinkom liekov, ktor\u00e9 predpisuje (to by bolo treba \u0161tudova\u0165 aj nie\u010do v angli\u010dtine, nielen pr\u00edbalov\u00e9 let\u00e1\u010diky a \u00faboh\u00fd odborn\u00fd lek\u00e1rsky \u010dasopis Solen). Niektor\u00e9 antipsychotik\u00e1 s\u00fa agonisti na seroton\u00ednov\u00e9 receptory, teda maj\u00fa aj antidepres\u00edvne \u00fa\u010dinky a tak\u00fdm pacientom ani nie je potrebn\u00e9 predpisova\u0165 seroton\u00ednov\u00e9 antidepres\u00edva. Antipsychotik\u00e1 sa daj\u00fa z hruba rozdeli\u0165 na nasledovn\u00e9 typy, v\u0161etky tieto druhy s\u00fa dostupn\u00e9 aj na skromnom Slovenskom farmaceutickom trhu: selekt\u00edvny antagonista na dopam\u00ednov\u00e9 receptory (napr. sulprid), seroton\u00ednov\u00fd a dopam\u00ednov\u00fd antagonista (risperid\u00f3n), seroton\u00ednov\u00fd agonista dopam\u00ednov\u00fd antagonista (napr. quetiapin), seroton\u00ednov\u00fd a dopam\u00ednov\u00fd agonista (Aripiprazol &#8211; ten bude zrejme lep\u0161ie antidepres\u00edvum ako antipsychotikum)<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Viem, \u017ee farmaceutick\u00e9 firmy museli vr\u00e1\u017ea\u0165 do v\u00fdskumu antipsychot\u00edk naozaj poriadne peniaze","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-farmakologia"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/farmakologia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/farmakologia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/farmakologia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/farmakologia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/farmakologia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/farmakologia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/farmakologia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/farmakologia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/filozofia.nett.to\/farmakologia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}